新时代国土整治与生态修复转型思考
收稿日期: 2019-10-14
修回日期: 2019-12-10
网络出版日期: 2020-01-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目（41771207）
Thinking for the transformation of land consolidation and ecological restoration in the new era
Received date: 2019-10-14
Revised date: 2019-12-10
Online published: 2020-01-28
针对全球变化影响下的国土空间和生态系统,生态文明建设和国土空间规划是中国在新时代的积极响应,国土整治与生态修复的转型和提升成为必然要求。在介绍国土整治与生态修复概念内涵的基础上,指出中国国土空间生态环境问题的复杂性和生态文明建设的新理念要求决定了国土整治与生态修复的转型。从工作理念、理论基础、技术体系和制度建设等方面,分析了当前国土整治与生态修复工作中存在的不足,主要包括整体综合理念滞后、理论基础体系欠缺、技术支撑相对薄弱、体制机制不尽完善等方面。针对这些不足,提出了新时代国土整治与生态修复转型的路径和策略,主要策略包括强化系统思维、提升理论体系、加强技术支撑、完善机制建设等内容,以期为国土整治与生态修复推进美丽中国建设提供科学依据。
王军, 应凌霄, 钟莉娜 . 新时代国土整治与生态修复转型思考[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020 , 35(1) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200104
As the national land space and ecosystems are affected by global change nowadays, ecological civilization construction and land spatial planning must be the positive responses of China in the new era. Great achievements have been made in the restorations of ecological space and ecosystems through projects for land consolidation and ecological restoration. However, the degradation of some regional ecosystems still exists, and the interference of unreasonable traditional human activities has not been completely eliminated in China. Meanwhile, China faces a large number of challenges in the economic and social developments of the new era. The transformation and improvement of land consolidation and ecological restoration therefore become the inevitable requirement. Through introducing the concepts, connotations of land consolidation, ecological restoration and relationships between them in the new era, this paper suggested that the transformation should be determined by the variations and complexities of regional ecological and environmental issues, the new requirements of ecological civilization construction and land spatial planning. We also indicated the four shortcomings of land consolidation and ecological restoration at present, including working perception, theoretical basis, technological system, and institutional construction. Specifically in recent practices, the integrated and comprehensive concepts are lagging behind, the key theoretical systems are deficient, the technological supports are instable, and the related institutions are insufficient. Therefore, we proposed the strategies for the corresponding transformation, which mainly included: (1) intensifying the systematic thinking and concept to promote the implementation of land consolidation and ecological restoration on a regional basis; (2) upgrading the theoretical system to stimulate the new motivation for land consolidation and ecological restoration; (3) enhancing the technical support to improve the effectiveness of land consolidation and ecological restoration works; (4) improving the institution construction to reinforce the support foundation for land consolidation and ecological restoration implementations.
[1] PIAO S, CIAIS P, HUANG Y, et al.The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature, 2010, 467(7311): 43-51.
[2] NIU S, XING X, ZHANG Z, et al.Water-use efficiency in response to climate change: From leaf to ecosystem in a temperate steppe. Global Change Biology, 2011, 17(2): 1073-1082.
[3] DIELEMAN C M, BRANFIREUN B A, MCLAUGHLIN J W, et al.Climate change drives a shift in peatland ecosystem plant community: Implications for ecosystem function and stability. Global Change Biology, 2015, 21(1): 388-395.
[4] KATHARINA A, WERNER R, DOMINIK T, et al.Trade-offs between temporal stability and level of forest ecosystem services provisioning under climate change. Ecological Applications, 2018, 28(7): 1884-1896.
[5] HARRIS J A, HOBBS R J, HIGGS E, et al.Ecological restoration and global climate change. Restoration Ecology, 2006, 14(2): 170-176.
[6] PERINO A, PEREIRA H M, NAVARRO L M, et al. Rewilding complex ecosystems. Science, 2019, 364(6438): eaav5570, Doi: 10.1126/science.aav5570.
[7] KOZULIN A, ZUYONOK S, RAKOVICH V. Local and global impacts of mire drainage: An impetus for hydrology restoration: Yelnia Mire, Belarus. In: EISELTOVÁ M (eds). Restoration of Lakes, Streams, Floodplains, and Bogs in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.
[8] 谷树忠, 胡咏君, 周洪. 生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径. 资源科学, 2013, 35(1): 2-13.
[GU S Z, HU Y J, ZHOU H. Ecological civilization construction: Scientific connotation and basic paths. Resources Science, 2013, 35(1): 2-13.]
[9] 王威, 贾文涛. 生态文明理念下的国土综合整治与生态保护修复. 中国土地, 2019, (5): 29-31.
[WANG W, JIA W T. Comprehensive land consolidation, ecological conservation and restoration based on the concept of ecological civilization. China Land, 2019, (5): 29-31.]
[10] OUYANG Z, ZHENG H, XIAO Y, et al.Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital. Science, 2016, 352(6292): 1455-1459.
[11] BRYAN B A, GAO L, YE Y, et al.China's response to a national land-system sustainability emergency. Nature, 2018, 559(7713): 193-204.
[12] CHEN C, PARK T, WANG X, et al.China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management. Nature Sustainability, 2019, 2: 122-129.
[13] 欧阳志云, 崔书红, 郑华. 我国生态安全面临的挑战与对策. 科学与社会, 2015, 5(1): 20-30.
[OUYANG Z Y, CUI S H, ZHENG H. The challenges and coping strategies for ensuring ecological security in China. Science and Society, 2015, 5(1): 20-30.]
[14] 欧阳志云. 我国生态系统面临的问题与对策. 中国国情国力, 2017, (3): 6-10.
[OUYANG Z Y. The issues and coping strategies for ecosystems in China. China National Conditions and Strength, 2017, (3): 6-10.]
[15] 张景奇, 孙萍, 徐建, 等. 我国城市生态文明建设研究述评. 经济地理, 2014, 34(8): 137-142.
[ZHANG J Q, SUN P, XU J, et al.Review of urban ecological civilization construction in China. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(8): 137-142.]
[16] 王晓君, 吴敬学, 蒋和平. 中国农村生态环境质量动态评价及未来发展趋势预测. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(5): 864-876.
[WANG X J, WU J X, JIANG H P. Dynamic assessment and trend prediction of rural eco-environmental quality in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(5): 864-876.]
[17] 夏方舟, 杨雨濛, 严金明. 中国国土综合整治近40年内涵研究综述: 阶段演进与发展变化. 中国土地科学, 2018, 32(5): 78-85.
[XIA F Z, YANG Y M, YAN J M. The connotation research review on integrated territory consolidation of China in recent four decades: Staged evolution and developmental transformation. China Land Sciences, 2018, 32(5): 78-85.]
[18] 樊杰, 王亚飞. 40年来中国经济地理格局变化及新时代区域协调发展. 经济地理, 2019, 39(1): 1-7.
[FAN J, WANG Y F. Pattern evolution of China's economic geography in the past 40 years and regional coordinated development in the new era. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(1): 1-7.]
[19] 黎祖交. 谈谈“两部一局”的组建对于推进我国生态文明建设的意义. 中国林业产业, 2018, (5): 9-14.
[LI Z J. Discussion on the significance of the establishment of related ministries on promoting ecological civilization construction in China. China Forestry Industry, 2018, (5): 9-14.]
[20] 沈镭, 张红丽, 钟帅, 等. 新时代下中国自然资源安全的战略思考. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(5): 721-734.
[SHEN L, ZHANG H L, ZHONG S, et al.Strategic thinking on the security of natural resources of China in the new era. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(5): 721-734.]
[21] 白中科, 周伟, 王金满, 等. 试论国土空间整体保护、系统修复与综合治理. 中国土地科学, 2019, 33(2): 1-11.
[BAI Z K, ZHOU W, WANG J M, et al.Overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management of land space. China Land Science, 2019, 33(2): 1-11.]
[22] 陈秉钊. 生态文明新时代的空间规划. 城乡规划, 2019, (2): 116-118.
[CHEN B Z. Spatial planning in the new era of ecological civilization. Urban and Rural Planning, 2019, (2): 116-118.]
[23] 贾文涛. 从土地整治向国土综合整治的转型发展. 中国土地, 2018, (5): 16-18.
[JIA W T. Development and transformation from land consolidation to comprehensive land consolidation. China Land, 2018, (5): 16-18.]
[24] 王军. 关于国土综合整治服务生态系统的思考. 中国土地, 2018, (7): 33-35.
[WANG J. Thinking for ecosystems serviced by comprehensive land consolidation. China Land, 2018, (7): 33-35.]
[25] 曹小曙. 基于人地耦合系统的国土空间重塑. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2051-2059.
[CAO X S. Geogovernance of national land use based on coupled human and natural systems. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(10): 2051-2059.]
[26] 新华网. 习近平:坚决打好污染防治攻坚战推动生态文明建设迈上新台阶. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-05/19/c_1122857595.htm, 2018-05-19.
[XINHUANET. XI J P: Resolutely fight the battle against pollution and take ecological civilization construction to a new level. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-05/19/c_1122857595.htm, 2018-05-19.]
[27] 胡存智. 生态文明建设的国土空间开发战略选择. 中国国土资源经济, 2014, 27(3): 4-7.
[HU C Z. Territorial development strategic choices under ecological civilization construction. Natural Resource Economics of China, 2014, 27(3): 4-7.]
[28] 匡文慧. 新时代国土空间格局变化和美丽愿景规划实施的若干问题探讨. 资源科学, 2019, 41(1): 23-32.
[KUANG W H. Issues regarding on spatial pattern change of national land space and its overall implementation on beautiful vision in new era. Resources Science, 2019, 41(1): 23-32.]
[29] 董祚继. 新时代国土空间规划的十大关系. 资源科学, 2019, 41(9): 1589-1599.
[DONG Z J. Ten relations of territorial planning in the new era. Resources Science, 2019, 41(9): 1589-1599.]
[30] 曹宇, 王嘉怡, 李国煜. 国土空间生态修复: 概念思辨与理论认知. 中国土地科学, 2019, 33(7): 1-10.
[CAO Y, WANG J Y, LI G Y. Ecological restoration for territorial space: Basic concepts and foundations. China Land Science, 2019, 33(7): 1-10.]
[31] 成金华, 尤喆. “山水林田湖草是生命共同体”原则的科学内涵与实践路径. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2019, 29(2): 1-6.
[CHENG J H, YOU Z. Scientific connotation and practical paths about the principle of "taking mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands as a life community". China Population, Resources and Environment, 2019, 29(2): 1-6.]
[32] 王雁林, 任超, 李朋伟, 等. 关于国土空间生态修复若干问题与对策探讨. 陕西地质, 2019, 37(1): 86-89.
[WANG Y L, REN C, LI P W, et al.Discussion on some problems and countermeasures of spatial ecological restoration of land. Geology of Shaanxi, 2019, 37(1): 86-89.]
[33] 王波, 何军, 王夏晖. 拟自然, 为什么更亲近自然: 山水林田湖草生态保护修复的技术选择. 中国生态文明, 2019, (1): 70-73.
[WANG B, HE J, WANG X H. Imitating nature, why closer to nature: Technology selection for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, lands, and lakes. Ecological Civilization in China, 2019, (1): 70-73.]
[34] 彭琳. 把良好生态作为最普惠的民生福祉. 光明日报, 2019-04-22(5). http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2019-04/22/nw.D110000gmrb_20190422_2-05.htm.
[PENG L. Make a good ecological environment the common wellbeing to all. Guangming Daily, 2019-04-22(5). http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2019-04/22/nw.D110000gmrb_20190422_2-05.htm.]
[35] ZHANG M M, WANG S, FU B J, et al. Ecological effects and potential risks of the water diversion project in the Heihe River Basin. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 619-620: 794-803.
[36] 孔令桥, 张路, 郑华, 等. 长江流域生态系统格局演变及驱动力. 生态学报, 2018, 38(3): 741-749.
[KONG L Q, ZHANG L, ZHENG H, et al.Driving forces behind ecosystem spatial changes in the Yangtze River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(3): 741-749.]
[37] 段锦, 康慕谊, 江源. 东江流域生态系统服务价值变化研究. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(1): 90-103.
[DUAN J, KANG M Y, JIANG Y. Dynamic valuation on ecosystem services of Dongjiang River Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(1): 90-103.]
[38] LIU W F, WEI X H, FAN H B, et al.Response of flow regimes to deforestation and reforestation in a rain-dominated large watershed of subtropical China. Hydrological Processes, 2015, 29(24): 5003-5015.
[39] 高会, 谭莉梅, 刘鹏, 等. 基于二分类Logistic回归模型的太行山丘陵区县域耕地资源潜力估算. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 490-497.
[GAO H, TAN L M, LIU P, et al.Estimation of arable land resources potential in hilly area of Taihang Mountain based on Binary Logistic Regression Model. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(4): 490-497.]
[40] 自然资源部. 国土资源部关于发布2016年全国耕地质量等别更新评价主要数据成果的公告. http://g.mnr.gov.cn/201712/t20171226_1711147.html, 2017-12-21.
[Ministry of Natural Resources. The Ministry of Land and Resources issued a notice on the major data results of the updated evaluation of cultivated land quality in 2016. http://g.mnr.gov.cn/201712/t20171226_1711147.html, 2017-12-21.]
[41] 李双成, 刘金龙, 张才玉, 等. 生态系统服务研究动态及地理学研究范式. 地理学报, 2011, 66(12): 1618-1630.
[LI S C, LIU J L, ZHANG C Y, et al.The research trends of ecosystem services and the paradigm in geography. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(12): 1618-1630.]
[42] 吴舒尧, 黄姣, 李双成. 不同生态恢复方式下生态系统服务与生物多样性恢复效果的整合分析. 生态学报, 2017, 37(20): 6986-6999.
[WU S Y, HUANG J, LI S C. Effects of different ecological restoration approaches on ecosystem services and biodiversity: A meta-analysis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(20): 6986-6999.]
[43] IPBES. Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Bonn: IPBES Secretariat, 2019: 12.
[44] 茶洪旺, 和云. 中国经济发展中的隐忧: 城乡居民收入差距扩大的效应分析. 经济研究参考, 2012, (10): 44-50.
[CHA H W, HE Y. Hidden worries about the economic development in China: Analysis on the effect of widening income gap between urban and rural residents. Review of Economic Research, 2012, (10): 44-50.]
[45] 林毅夫. “一带一路”助推发展中国家现代化. 人民日报, 2015-09-18(7). http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0918/c40531-27602217.html.
[LIN Y F. The Belt and Road Initiative promotes modernization in developing countries. People's Daily, 2015-09-18(7). http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0918/c40531-27602217.html.]
[46] 王伟中. 《中国21世纪议程》: 迎接挑战的战略抉择与实践探索. 中国科学院院刊, 2012, 27(3): 274-279.
[WANG W Z. China’s Agenda 21: Strategic choice and practice pursuing sustainable development. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012, 27(3): 274-279.]
[47] 贾治邦. 履行建设生态文明重大使命推进现代林业又好又快发展. 林业经济, 2008, (1): 3-11.
[JIA Z B. Fulfill the major mission of ecological civilization construction and promote the good and rapid development of modern forestry. Forestry Economy, 2008, (1): 3-11.]
[48] 陶静静, 刘璐. 增强生态产品生产能力. 时代经贸, 2013, (16): 19-20.
[TAO J J, LIU L. Increase the production capacity of ecological products. Economic & Trade Update, 2013, (16): 19-20.]
[49] 杨朝继. 我国战略性新兴产业自主创新驱动因素测度研究. 生态经济, 2017, 33(12): 61-65.
[YANG C J. Research on the driving factors of independent innovation of China's strategic emerging industries. Ecological Economy, 2017, 33(12): 61-65.]
[50] 余泳泽. 新S型曲线: 经济增长目标约束与中国经济动能重塑. 探索与争鸣, 2018, 345(7): 40-44.
[YU Y Z. New s-shaped curve: The constraint for economic growth targets and the reshaping for economic drivers in China. Exploration and Contention, 2018, 345(7): 40-44.]
[51] 白杨, 王敏, 李晖. 生态系统服务供给与需求的理论与管理方法. 生态学报, 2017, 37(17): 5846-5852.
[BAI Y, WANG M, LI H. Ecosystem service supply and demand: Theory and management application. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(17): 5846-5852.]
[52] 卞文志. 让“生态产品”更好地为社会发展服务. 云南林业, 2017, 38(3): 63.
[BIAN W Z. Make the ecological products serve social development better. Yunnan Forestry, 2017, 38(3): 63.]
[53] 马中, 王若师, 昌敦虎, 等. 践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”就是建设生态文明. 环境保护, 2018, 46(13): 7-10.
[MA Z, WANG R S, CHANG D H, et al.Building ecological civilization by practicing Green Water and Green Hills are invaluable assets. Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(13): 7-10.]
[54] 姜霞, 王坤, 郑朔方, 等. 山水林田湖草生态保护修复的系统思想: 践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”. 环境工程技术学报, 2019, 9(5): 475-481.
[JIANG X, WANG K, ZHENG S F, et al.Ecological protection and restoration system of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland: Practicing the theory of lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2019, 9(5): 475-481.]
[55] 王夏晖, 何军, 饶胜, 等. 山水林田湖草生态保护修复思路与实践. 环境保护, 2018, 46(s1): 17-20.
[WANG X H, HE J, RAO S, et al.Design of implementation path of ecological engineering for ecological protection and restoration of multi ecological elements. Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(s1): 17-20.]
[56] 张笑千, 王波, 王夏晖. 基于“山水林田湖草”系统治理理念的牧区生态保护与修复: 以御道口牧场管理区为例. 环境保护, 2018, 46(8): 56-59.
[ZHANG X Q, WANG B, WANG X H. The realizing route of ecological safety in pastoral areas based on Mountains, Rivers, Forest, Farmland, Lakes, and Grassland systemic treatment: Take Yudaokou Pasture as an example. Environmental Protection, 2018, 46(8): 56-59.]
[57] 李桂花, 杜颖. “绿水青山就是金山银山”生态文明理念探析. 新疆师范大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2019, 40(4): 43-51.
[LI G H, DU Y. On the conviction that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Journal of Xinjiang Normal University: Edition of Philosophy and Social Sciences, 2019, 40(4): 43-51.]
[58] 祁帆, 李宪文, 刘康. 自然生态空间用途管制制度研究. 中国土地, 2016, (12): 21-23.
[QI F, LI X W, LIU K. Study on the regulation institution of natural ecological space use. China Land, 2016, (12): 21-23.]
[59] 胡熠. 我国流域治理机制创新的目标模式与政策含义: 以闽江流域为例. 学术研究, 2012, (1): 49-54.
[HU Y. The goal model and policy implications of watershed governance mechanism innovation in China: A case study of the Minjiang River Basin. Academic Research, 2012, (1): 49-54.]
[60] 郑大俊, 王炎灿, 周婷. 基于水生态文明视角的都江堰水文化内涵与启示. 河海大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2015, 17(5): 79-82, 106.
[ZHENG D J, WANG Y C, ZHOU T. The connotation and enlightenment of water culture of Dujiang Weir water conservancy project from the perspective of water ecological civilization. Journal of Hohai University: Philosophy and Social Sciences, 2015, 17(5): 79-82, 106.]
[61] 张永勋, 闵庆文, 徐明, 等. 农业文化遗产地“三产”融合度评价: 以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为例. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(1): 116-127.
[ZHANG Y X, MIN Q W, XU M, et al.The evaluation of industrial integration level of important agricultural heritage sites: A case study of Yunnan Honghe Hani Rice Terraces. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(1): 116-127.]
[62] 宋维峰. 中国南方古梯田的现状及开发保护对策. 中国水土保持, 2019, (4): 15-19, 69.
[SONG W F. Current situation and development and protection countermeasures for ancient terraced fields in Southern China. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2019, (4): 15-19, 69.]
[63] 王军, 钟莉娜. 中国土地整治文献分析与研究进展. 中国土地科学, 2016, 30(4): 88-96.
[WANG J, ZHONG L N. Literature analysis on land consolidation research in China. China Land Sciences, 2016, 30(4): 88-96.]
[64] 徐国劲, 谢永生, 骆汉, 等. 重大生态工程规划设计的理论探讨. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(7): 1139-1151.
[XU G J, XIE Y S, LUO H, et al.Theoretical discussion on planning and design of major ecological engineering. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(7): 1139-1151.]
[65] SIDA T S, BAUDRON F, KIM H, et al.Climate-smart agroforestry: Faidherbia albida trees buffer wheat against climatic extremes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 248: 339-347.
[66] SIDIBÉ Y, SÉBASTIEN F, PASCUAL U, et al. Adaptation to climate change in rainfed agriculture in the global south: Soil biodiversity as natural insurance. Ecological Economics, 2018, 146: 588-596.
[67] CALLIARI E, STACCIONE A, MYSIAK J. An assessment framework for climate-proof nature-based solutions. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 656: 691-700.
[68] 郝庆, 邓玲, 封志明. 国土空间规划中的承载力反思: 概念、理论与实践. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2073-2086.
[HAO Q, DENG L, FENG Z M. Carrying capacity reconsidered in spatial planning: Concepts, methods and applications. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(10): 2073-2086.]
[69] 丁晖, 曹铭昌, 刘立, 等. 立足生态系统完整性, 改革生态环境保护管理体制: 十八届三中全会“建立陆海统筹的生态系统保护修复区域联动机制”精神解读. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(5): 647-651.
[DING H, CAO M C, LIU L, et al.Reform the protection and management system of the ecological environment with a view to integrity of the ecosystem: An interpretation of the essence of "establishment of a regional joint action mechanism for conservation and remediation of integrated land-sea ecosystems" passed at the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015, 31(5): 647-651.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |