地理系统主要研究地球表层人与环境相互作用的机理,强调人地关系、自然和人文要素的综合,即人地耦合系统。地理系统在国土空间中的应用主要由地理决策、地理模拟、地理工程所组成,并且相互作用构成了地理治理。国土空间是自然与人类所共同实践的物质载体,人类被自然所塑造的程度并不亚于自身塑造自然的程度,以人地耦合系统为核心的地理系统理论成为国土空间规划与整治修复的理论基础。基于人地耦合系统的国土空间重塑最终以地理治理的形式反映在人类作用于自然环境的各种活动中。经过改革开放40年的发展,中国国土空间已基本形成了较为稳定的格局,形成了经济区、贫困区、小城镇为主的三种形态空间。中国的城镇化发展与发达国家有所不同,是城市化、城镇化、乡村化“三化耦合”并存的状态。必须重视泛第三极、环中国南海、东北亚—北极等以“一带一路”全球空间为基础的战略区域研究。基于人地耦合系统理论与国土空间价值均衡理论,国土空间重塑的基础科学问题是人地耦合系统演化机理与驱动机制。国土空间规划可以划分为三种类型：发展型规划、控制型规划和修复型规划。国土空间的保护与治理包括以土地利用为核心的国土空间全域整治,以生态文明为核心的国土空间系统修复,以社会和谐为核心的国土空间综合治理。人地耦合系统最终的发展目标是形成人类与自然相互作用的命运共同体。

The geosystem mainly studies the interaction mechanism between human and natural system on the surface of the earth, emphasizing the integration of human-land use relationship, natural and human factors, namely the human-land use coupling systems. Applications of the geosystem in the land space is mainly composed of geodecisions-making, geosimulation and geoengineering, and the interactions among these constitute geogovernance. Land space is the material carrier of the common practice of nature and human, the extent to which human shaped by nature is no less than that of opposite transformation, therefore, geosystem theory with the core of Coupled Human and Natural Systems has become the theoretical basis of land spatial planning and renovation. Based on the coupled human and natural systems, the remodeling of land space is ultimately reflected in various activities of human acting on the natural environment with the form of geogovernance. With the development of reform and opening-up for 40 years, Chinese land space has been basically in a relatively stable pattern and mainly consists of economic zones, poor areas and small towns, which is different from that of developed countries. We are in a state of "three-dimension-transformation coupling", i.e. urbanization, townization and ruralization. Thus, we must attach importance to the studies of strategic areas based on the Belt and Road Initiative, such as the Pan-Third Pole, the South China Sea Rim, and the Northeast Asia-Arctic. According to the theory of Coupled Human and Natural Systems and the value equilibrium of land space, the basic scientific problem of land space remodeling is the evolution and driving mechanisms of Coupled Human and Natural Systems. Land spatial planning can be divided into three types: Development planning, controlling planning and restoration planning. The protection and management of land space includes the whole area renovation with the core of land use, the systematic restoration with the core of ecological civilization, and the comprehensive management with the core of social harmony. The development goal of human activity system is to establish a community of shared future for mankind, correspondingly, that of the natural system is to establish a sustainable system, so the ultimate development goal of Coupled Human and Natural Systems is to form a community of shared destiny with the interaction between human and nature.