粮食与营养安全研究评述及展望
作者简介:孙倩(1990- ),女,河南南阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为营养与粮食安全。E-mail: sunqian0915@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2018-11-07
要求修回日期: 2019-05-17
网络出版日期: 2019-08-28
基金资助
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2662016PY060)
国家自然科学基金项目(71673102)
Food and nutrition security: A literature review and prospects for research
Received date: 2018-11-07
Request revised date: 2019-05-17
Online published: 2019-08-28
Copyright
当前国际粮食安全局势堪忧,大多数发展中国家饥饿、营养素缺乏与营养过剩三重困境并存,实现全球粮食安全与营养安全的双重目标任重道远。本文梳理了95篇文献,旨在理清粮食与营养安全的发展脉络及演变规律,提出中国未来粮食与营养安全的研究重点。首先对全球粮食与营养安全的概念演变进行回顾,指出粮食安全概念由谷物供给总量安全到所有食物数量安全、再到食物质量与营养安全与可持续内涵的动态演化,由单一可供应维度向可供应、可获得性、可利用性、稳定性、可持续性多维度不断拓展。随后,从宏观国家层面梳理中国粮食与营养需求分析及预测、粮食生产能力和进口能力的相关研究,从微观家庭及个人层面评述收入、市场、城镇化、农户农业生产对食物消费及营养的影响。最后,基于未来城乡居民营养均衡发展目标,对中国粮食与营养安全研究的主要趋势和未来研究重点作出展望,指出未来展开对农业生产多样性、作物种植结构调整及作物营养强化,城镇化与市场建设的影响,城市中低收入人群和农村贫困人口营养问题的研究具有重大意义。
孙倩 , 李晓云 , 杨志海 , 张晓娇 . 粮食与营养安全研究评述及展望[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019 , 34(8) : 1782 -1796 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190817
Global food security has aroused great concerns in developing areas. In most developing countries, triple burdens of hunger, under-nutrition (inadequate intake of macro- and micronutrients), and over-nourishment (in the form of overweight and obesity malnutrition) coexist. There is a long way to achieve the dual goals of food security and nutrition security. By tracing 95 literatures, this paper aims to figure out the concept development and evolution of food security and nutrition security, and put forward the research priorities of future food and nutrition security. The article explores the evolution of the concept of food security and nutrition security and narrates the evolutionary characteristics, and finds that the concept of food security evolves from adequate supply of cereals to all foods, then to foods quality and nutritional security and sustainable development, with the dimensions of food security extending from a single availability dimension to multiple dimensions of availability, accessibility, utilization, stability, and sustainability. Subsequently, we review the research on food and nutrition demand analysis and forecasting, the capacity of food production, and import impacts; furthermore, we review the impact of income, market, urbanization and farmers' agricultural production on food consumption and nutrition security at the family and individual levels. To achieve the goal of the balanced development of nutrition for urban and rural residents, the paper provides an outlook for future food and nutrition research and brings out four important fields deeply touched to extend study scope and depth for food and nutrition security research in China. This review work reveals that it is of great significance to conduct research on agricultural production diversity, crop planting structure adjustment and crop nutrition enhancement, the impacts of urbanization and market development, and the vulnerable residents' welfare on the nutrition enhancement.
Table 1 The concept of food and nutrition security表1 粮食与营养安全概念的国际界定 |
年份 | 提出者 | 粮食与营养安全的概念 |
---|---|---|
1974 | FAO[4] | 在任何时候都能获得充足的世界粮食供应,以维持粮食消费的稳定增长并抵消生产和价格的波动 |
1983 | FAO[5] | 确保所有人在任何时候既能买得到又能买得起所需要的基本食物 |
1986 | World Bank[6] | 所有人在任何时候都能获得足够的食物,以满足其积极健康的生活 |
1995 | IFPRI[12] | 所有家庭成员在任何时候都能获得足够的蛋白质、能量、维生素和矿物质 |
1996 | FAO[7] | 所有人在任何时候都能在物质和经济上获得充足、安全和富有营养的食物,以满足其积极健康生活的膳食需要和食物偏好 |
2002 | FAO[8] | 所有人在任何时候都能在物质、社会和经济上获得充足、安全和富有营养的食物,以满足其积极健康生活的膳食需要和食物偏好 |
2006 | World Bank[13] | 粮食安全、环境卫生、医疗服务充足以及照顾和养育方式适当,确保所有家庭成员的健康生活 |
2012 | FAO[14] | 所有人在任何时候都能在物质、社会和经济上获得足够数量和质量的食物,且在品种、多样性、营养和安全性方面满足其积极健康生活的饮食需求和食物偏好,并拥有卫生的环境、充足的医疗服务、适当的教育和照顾 |
Table 2 The concept and connotation of food and nutrition security in China表2 中国粮食与营养安全的概念及内涵 |
年份 | 提出者 | 粮食与营养安全的内涵解读 |
---|---|---|
1997 | 刘志澄[15] | 粮食的生产安全、储备安全、流通安全和消费安全 |
2003 | 娄源功[16] | 国家满足人们以合理价格对粮食的直接消费和间接消费,且具备抵御各种粮食风险的能力 |
2004 | 黄季焜[17] | 粮食安全问题的核心在于家庭层面的食物安全 |
2008 | 李玉平等[19] | 总量增长,粮食总量与质量并重、粮食品质结构合理 |
2013 | 胡岳岷等[20] | 数量安全、质量安全、生态安全和健康安全四个维度 |
2017 | 张慧等[21] | 粮食安全的生态可持续性 |
2017 | 谢高地等[18] | 粮食安全在家庭层面即为食物安全,在个人层面即为营养安全,在国家层面即为粮食可获取能力,主要是粮食生产能力和进口能力 |
2018 | 成升魁等[22] | 从全产业、多尺度、精准化、多维度、多因素视角全方位解读粮食安全,构建“营养、绿色、多元、开放”的新时代粮食安全观 |
Table 3 The evolutionary characteristics and emphases of the concept of food and nutrition security表3 粮食与营养安全概念的演变特征及侧重点 |
时期 | 安全目标 | 关注层级 | 关注维度 |
---|---|---|---|
1970s | 粮食总供应量、价格稳定 | 全球/区域/国家 | 可供应 |
1980s | 获得粮食的权利 | 家庭/个人 | 可供应+可获得性 |
1990s | 营养安全、供需均衡 | 全球/区域/国家/家庭/个人 | 可供应+可获得性+可利用性+稳定性 |
2000s | 短期粮食安全、粮食安全与营养 | 全球/区域/国家/家庭/个人 | 可供应+可获得性+可利用性+稳定性 |
2010s | 长期粮食安全、营养健康、粮食与营养安全 | 全球/区域/国家/家庭/个人 | 可供应+可获得性+可利用性+稳定性+可持续性 |
Fig. 1 Prospects for research on food and nutrition security in China图1 国内粮食与营养安全研究的未来展望 |
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