中国特色小镇的空间分布及其产业特征
作者简介:方叶林(1986- ),男,安徽巢湖人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与区域经济。E-mail: fangyelin2006@126.com
收稿日期: 2018-12-10
要求修回日期: 2019-03-11
网络出版日期: 2019-06-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41601142,41701107)
安徽大学青年骨干教师培养项目(J01005141)
Spatial distribution of characteristic towns and their industrial characteristics in China
Received date: 2018-12-10
Request revised date: 2019-03-11
Online published: 2019-06-20
Copyright
以中国前两批特色小镇为例,综合利用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、不均衡指数、核密度、地理联系率等空间分析方法,分析特色小镇的空间分布规律,在此基础上提出特色小镇的产业特征及其开发建议。结果显示:中国特色小镇在分布上具有“总体集聚、依托经济、沿线、围城、靠景”的特征。从空间分布类型看,特色小镇主要分布在东部地区,人口分界线的东南部,大体上呈现出集聚分布的态势;从空间分布均衡性上看,特色小镇在空间分布上呈现非均衡特征,且集中度较高;从空间分布密度上看,中国特色小镇呈现出东多西少、南多北少、东南多西北少的空间分布格局,总体上形成五大集聚区,分别为环渤海集聚区、长三角集聚区、东南沿海集聚区、西南成渝集聚区、中原集聚区。当前特色小镇的空间分布是政策主导下区域经济、区位交通、核心城市、旅游资源等因素综合作用的结果。前两批特色小镇主要以农业主导型与工业主导型为主,产业特色有待进一步提升。根据分析结果,从尊重规律、政策导向、产业引领、要素配套等方面提出未来特色小镇的开发建议。
方叶林 , 黄震方 , 李经龙 , 王芳 . 中国特色小镇的空间分布及其产业特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019 , 34(6) : 1273 -1284 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190612
Taking the first two batches of characteristic towns in the China as an example, comprehensively using the spatial analysis methods, such as the nearest index, geographic concentration index, imbalance index, nuclear density, and geographical contact rate, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of characteristic towns in the country. On this basis, it puts forward the industrial characteristics and development suggestions. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: The distribution of characteristic towns in China is characterized by "agglomeration in general, relying on economy, along the line, besieging the city and near scenery". From the perspective of spatial distribution type, the characteristic towns are mainly distributed in the eastern region, and southeast of the demarcation line, which shows a trend of concentration pattern. From the perspective of spatial distribution equilibrium, the characteristic towns show an unbalanced pattern, and the concentration ratio is high. From the perspective of spatial distribution density, they present a pattern of more in the east while fewer in the west, more in the south while fewer in the north, as well as more in the southeast while few in the northwest. Generally speaking, there are five major agglomeration areas: the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, the southeast coastal region, the Chengdu and Chongqing in the southwest, and the Central Plains. The spatial distribution of the characteristic towns is the result of the comprehensive role of regional economy, location transportation, core city and tourism resources under the policy guidance. The first two batches of characteristic towns are mainly dominated by agriculture and industry, and the industrial characteristics need further improvement. According to the results, we put forward some suggestions for future development of characteristic towns from rule of law, policy guidance, industry guidance and elements matching.
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of characteristic towns in China图1 特色小镇的空间分布 注:图a、图b分别基于国家测绘地理信息服务局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2016)1591、GS(2016)1554标准地图制作,底图无修改。 |
Fig. 2 The Lorenz curve of spatial distribution of characteristic towns图2 特色小镇空间分布的洛伦兹曲线 |
Table 1 The number statistics of characteristic towns in China表1 中国各地区特色小镇数量统计 |
地区 | 个数/个 | 所占百分比/% | 累计百分比/% | 地区 | 个数/个 | 所占百分比/% | 累计百分比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
浙江 | 23 | 5.71 | 5.71 | 云南 | 13 | 3.23 | 69.23 |
江苏 | 22 | 5.46 | 11.17 | 河北 | 12 | 2.98 | 72.21 |
山东 | 22 | 5.46 | 16.63 | 山西 | 12 | 2.98 | 75.19 |
广东 | 20 | 4.96 | 21.59 | 内蒙古 | 12 | 2.98 | 78.16 |
四川 | 20 | 4.96 | 26.55 | 江西 | 12 | 2.98 | 81.14 |
湖北 | 16 | 3.97 | 30.52 | 黑龙江 | 11 | 2.73 | 83.87 |
湖南 | 16 | 3.97 | 34.49 | 吉林 | 9 | 2.23 | 86.10 |
安徽 | 15 | 3.72 | 38.21 | 上海 | 9 | 2.23 | 88.34 |
河南 | 15 | 3.72 | 41.94 | 甘肃 | 8 | 1.99 | 90.32 |
贵州 | 15 | 3.72 | 45.66 | 北京 | 7 | 1.74 | 92.06 |
福建 | 14 | 3.47 | 49.13 | 海南 | 7 | 1.74 | 93.80 |
广西 | 14 | 3.47 | 52.61 | 西藏 | 7 | 1.74 | 95.53 |
陕西 | 14 | 3.47 | 56.08 | 宁夏 | 7 | 1.74 | 97.27 |
新疆 | 14 | 3.47 | 59.55 | 青海 | 6 | 1.49 | 98.76 |
辽宁 | 13 | 3.23 | 62.78 | 天津 | 5 | 1.24 | 100.00 |
重庆 | 13 | 3.23 | 66.00 | 合计 | 403 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
2.2 影响因素分析
Fig. 3 Distribution of nuclear density of characteristic towns in China图3 特色小镇的核密度分布 |
Fig. 4 The spatial relationships between distribution of characteristic towns and main traffic lines in China图4 特色小镇分布与主要交通线空间关系 |
Fig. 5 The spatial relationships between distribution of characteristic towns and main cities in China图5 特色小镇分布与主要城市空间关系 |
Fig. 6 The spatial relationships between distribution of characteristic towns and AAAAA scenic spots in China图6 特色小镇空间分布与5A级景区空间关系 |
Fig. 7 The industrial characteristics of characteristic towns图7 特色小镇产业特征 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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