农业灌溉用水经济价值及其影响因素——基于剩余价值法和陕西关中地区农户调研数据
作者简介:刘维哲(1995- ),男,山东临沂人,博士研究生,研究方向为资源经济与环境管理。E-mail: liuvzhe@126.com
收稿日期: 2018-08-24
要求修回日期: 2019-01-09
网络出版日期: 2019-03-28
基金资助
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111001)
Estimating economic value of irrigation water and analysis of influencing factors: A case study based on residual value method and farmers' datain Guanzhong area of Shaanxi
Received date: 2018-08-24
Request revised date: 2019-01-09
Online published: 2019-03-28
Copyright
灌溉水经济价值是农业用水定价的重要基础。根据陕西关中地区农户调研数据,采用剩余价值法计算得到小麦、玉米和苹果灌溉水经济价值均值分别为0.66 元/m3、0.84 元/m3、3.17 元/m3。以该结果作为水价调整上限与现状水价比较,小麦和玉米的水价上调空间介于0.24~0.71元/m3,苹果的水价调整空间介于2.72~3.04 元/m3之间。使用分位数模型对影响因素的研究发现:(1)仅在灌溉水经济价值较低时,农户和家庭特征以及土地分散程度有显著影响;(2)在灌溉水经济价值较高时,增强农户节水意识以及加入用水者协会将能有效提升灌溉用水经济价值;(3)粮食转为经济作物、进行农业水价综合改革在所有分位点上均呈显著正向影响。本文可为研究区域农业用水分类定价及改善用水效率提供参考。
刘维哲 , 唐溧 , 王西琴 , 王建浩 . 农业灌溉用水经济价值及其影响因素——基于剩余价值法和陕西关中地区农户调研数据[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019 , 34(3) : 553 -562 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190309
The economic value of irrigation water is an important basis for the pricing of irrigation water. Based on farmers' data in Shaanxi Guanzhong irrigation area, this paper applied Residual Value Method to calculate the economic value of irrigation water for wheat, corn and apple. The results show that the economic values of irrigation water for the three crops are 0.66 yuan/m3, 0.84 yuan/m3 and 3.17 yuan/m3, respectively. Taking the results as the upper limit of irrigation water price and compared with the current irrigation water price, we found that the water price increase range of wheat and corn is between 0.24-0.71 yuan/m3. The apple water price adjustment space is relatively relaxed, ranging from 2.72 to 3.04 yuan/m3. Furthermore, the analysis of factors influencing economic value of water based on quantile regression shows that the main factors are family economic level, type of crops, and whether to carry out comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project. The educational level, family economic level, farmers' subjective cognitive characteristics, and whether to carry out the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project are positively correlated with the economic value of water, while age, non-agricultural occupations, number of non-farm labor forces in family, land quantity and water economic value are negatively correlated with it. Specifically, (1) when economic value of irrigation water is at low stage, the characteristics of farmers and families as well as the farmland dispersion have significant impact; (2) when the economic value of irrigation water is at high stage, raising farmers' water-saving consciousness and joining water users association will be able to effectively improve the economic value of irrigation water; (3) the conversion from grain into cash crops and the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices have significant positive effects on all quantile points. This paper provides the basis for the agricultural water pricing classification in Guanzhong irrigation area, and also shows a new perspective for calculating the economic value of irrigation water.
Table 1 Mean value statistics of different inputs of different crops表1 不同作物各生产要素投入的均值统计 |
作物 | 种子 /(元/亩) | 化肥 /(元/亩) | 农药 /(元/亩) | 机械 /(元/亩) | 劳动 /(元/亩) | 土地 /(元/亩) | 灌溉水 /(m3/亩) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小麦 | 66.24 | 163.53 | 31.60 | 118.87 | 164.34 | 82.93 | 377.15 |
玉米 | 50.82 | 167.93 | 31.62 | 117.71 | 221.27 | 82.93 | 421.23 |
苹果 | 4.02 | 922.00 | 430.47 | 95.67 | 796.80 | 82.93 | 487.44 |
Table 2 Impact factors of the economic value of irrigation water表2 灌溉水经济价值影响因素选取 |
类别 | 变量名称 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
农户和家庭特征 | 年龄 | 农户的年龄 |
受教育水平 | 1=未上学;2=小学;3=初中;4=高中或中专;5=大专及以上 | |
主要职业 | 0=务农;1=非农职业 | |
家庭非农劳动力人数 | 家庭人口中从事非农职业的劳动力人数 | |
家庭经济情况在本村的水平 | 1=较差;2=中等偏下;3=中等;4=中等偏上;5=较好 | |
生产经营特征 | 作物类型 | 1=小麦;2=玉米;3=苹果 |
种植面积 | 农户该种作物种植面积 | |
耕地块数 | 该作物耕地细分块数 | |
灌溉水紧缺程度 | 1=非常充足;2=比较充足;3=一般;4=比较紧缺;5=严重紧缺 | |
主观认知特征 | 灌溉用水是否商品 | 0=不是;1=是 |
灌溉用水是否应该付费 | 0=不应该;1=应该 | |
水价上涨是否愿意节水灌溉 | 0=不愿意;1=愿意 | |
若补贴是否愿意节水灌溉 | 0=不愿意;1=愿意 | |
外部政策制度特征 | 是否农业水价综合改革试点 | 0=否;1=是 |
是否加入农民用水协会 | 0=否;1=是 |
Table 3 Mean value statistics of economic value of irrigation water表3 关中地区不同作物灌溉水经济价值计算结果均值统计 |
作物 | 样本量 /份 | 总产出Y×/(元/亩) | 非水成本 /(元/亩) | 单位土地灌溉水经济价值 -/(元/亩) | 灌溉水经济价值 /(元/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
小麦 | 78 | 875.96 | 627.52 | 248.44 | 0.66 |
玉米 | 74 | 1025.37 | 672.27 | 353.10 | 0.84 |
苹果 | 63 | 3878.63 | 2331.87 | 1546.76 | 3.17 |
Table 4 Results of quantile regression analysis表4 灌溉水经济价值影响因素分位数回归结果 |
类别 | 变量 | 分位数回归结果 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
q=0.25 | q=0.5 | q=0.75 | q=0.9 | ||||||
农户和 家庭特征 | 年龄 | -0.01** | (0.01) | -0.00 | (0.01) | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0 | (0.02) |
教育水平 | 0.23*** | (0.08) | 0.16 | (0.12) | 0.03 | (0.18) | 0.04 | (0.24) | |
主要职业 | -0.56* | (0.29) | -0.32 | (0.42) | -0.53 | (0.38) | -0.79 | (0.49) | |
家庭非农劳动力人数 | -0.10** | (0.05) | -0.07 | (0.07) | -0.04 | (0.08) | -0.10 | (0.13) | |
家庭经济水平 | 0.20*** | (0.07) | 0.31*** | (0.07) | 0.47*** | (0.15) | 0.38 | (0.23) | |
生产经营 特征 | 作物类型a | ||||||||
玉米 | 0.05 | (0.11) | 0.12 | (0.11) | 0.12 | (0.15) | 0.07 | (0.24) | |
苹果 | 0.62* | (0.33) | 1.97*** | (0.56) | 4.00*** | (0.82) | 6.82*** | (2.02) | |
种植面积 | 0 | (0.02) | 0 | (0.02) | -0.01 | (0.03) | -0.02 | (0.06) | |
耕地块数 | -0.15** | (0.08) | -0.20** | (0.09) | -0.24 | (0.15) | -0.15 | (0.23) | |
灌溉水紧缺程度 | 0.06 | (0.05) | 0.05 | (0.06) | 0 | (0.08) | -0.15 | (0.16) | |
主观认知 特征 | 灌溉用水是商品 | -0.09 | (0.17) | 0.13 | (0.24) | 0.51* | (0.31) | 0.38 | (0.38) |
灌溉用水应该付费 | 0.49 | (0.17) | 0.39 | (0.27) | 0.35 | (0.32) | -0.44 | (0.98) | |
水价上涨愿节水灌溉 | -0.17 | (0.15) | 0.05 | (0.18) | -0.04 | (0.38) | 1.33** | (0.64) | |
若补贴愿节水灌溉 | 0.10 | (0.19) | 0.03 | (0.24) | 0.42 | (0.37) | 1.26* | (0.64) | |
外部政策 制度特征 | 已进行水价改革试点 | 0.53*** | (0.13) | 0.61*** | (0.15) | 0.64*** | (0.23) | 0.96*** | (0.37) |
加入农民用水协会 | -0.19 | (0.12) | 0 | (0.13) | 0.32 | (0.24) | 0.72* | (0.42) | |
常数 | -0.26 | (0.55) | -0.62 | (0.80) | -0.80 | (1.27) | 0.90 | (2.12) | |
R2 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.38 |
注:1. 参照组a=小麦;2. *、**和***分别在10%、5%、1%的水平上显著。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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