国家湿地公园时空格局特征
作者简介:周婷(1989- ),女,湖南浏阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为湿地景观生态。E-mail: zhouting926@163.com
收稿日期: 2018-06-04
要求修回日期: 2018-09-03
网络出版日期: 2019-01-20
基金资助
国家自然基金项目(41271060,41877411)
华南师范大学研究生创新计划项目(20161kxm26)
Spatio-temporal pattern of national wetland parks
Received date: 2018-06-04
Request revised date: 2018-09-03
Online published: 2019-01-20
Copyright
采用标准差椭圆、点模式分析、统计分析等方法,运用ArcGIS可视化技术,从时间和空间视角分析国家湿地公园的空间格局特征,并探究其与城市的区位关系。研究表明:(1)国家湿地公园在时间序列上分为试点起步阶段、发展与成长阶段和规范发展阶段,各地发展不均衡,“质”的发展不同步于“量”,正式国家湿地公园处于规范发展的起步时期;(2)多尺度空间研究表明正式国家湿地公园空间以聚集分布形态为主,随机分布为辅,整体呈东北—西南分布格局,形成2个高密度热点区和3个中密度次热点区;(3)从城市尺度看,正式国家湿地公园呈现较大空间异质性,具有偏向城市规划区内或靠近城市规划区分布的特征;(4)正式国家湿地公园呈现为人口格局主导特征,响应了胡焕庸线的指导意义。
周婷 , 牛安逸 , 马姣娇 , 徐颂军 . 国家湿地公园时空格局特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019 , 34(1) : 26 -39 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190103
As one of the protected areas, the wetland park has played an important role in protecting the wetland habitat. On one hand, the wetland park can be an important infrastructure for ecosystem research on exploring the contradiction between the vulnerability of ecologically fragile areas and the maintenance of original habitat of wetland, which shows both theoretic significance and practical value for systematic research on wetland parks. On the other hand, spatial analysis of the wetland park is an important basis for systematic construction of wetland parks. It can not only visualize the current spatial structure of wetland parks, but also reflect the wetland resources utilization and wetland management efficiency, which can provide the scientific basis for the spatial construction of wetland parks. Therefore, based on ArcGIS visualization technology, the spatial pattern characteristics of National Wetland Park (NWP) was analyzed from the perspective of time and space and its location relationships with the cities was explored by using Standard Deviation Ellipse, Point Pattern Analysis, Statistical Analysis and other methods. Results show the following four points: (1) China's NWP has gone through three stages, the starting stage, the rapid development stage and the standard development stage from time series. The amount of NWP is unevenly distributed in different provinces, and the correlation between the development of quality and quantity is not synchronized. Till now, Official National Wetland Park (ONWP) is at the beginning stage of standard development. (2) From multiple scale, an aggregated distribution pattern is emerging, supplemented by random distribution for ONWP. And the overall distribution pattern tends to be in a northeast-southwest direction, forming two high-density hot spots and three medium-density sub-hot spots. (3) From urban scale, the distribution of ONWP presents a large spatial heterogeneity and has the characteristics of being partial to the urban planning areas or being close to the urban planning areas. (4) At last, the distribution of ONWP presents the dominant characteristics of population pattern, which coincides with the guiding significance of Heihe-Tengchong Line.
Fig. 1 The number of pilot and official national wetland parks from 2005 to 2017图1 2005-2017年试点和正式国家湿地公园数量 |
Table 1 Norms and guidelines for national wetland parks from 2008 to 2014表1 2008-2014年国家湿地公园相关规范导则 |
年份 | 相关规范导则 |
---|---|
2008 | 《国家湿地公园评估标准》(LY/T 1754-2008) |
《国家湿地公园建设规范》(LY/T 755-2008) | |
2010 | 《国家湿地公园管理办法(试行)》(林湿发〔2010〕1号) |
《国家湿地公园总体规划导则》(林湿综字〔2010〕7号) | |
《国家湿地公园试点验收办法(试行)(林办湿字〔2010〕191号) | |
2011 | 《关于做好申报拟建国家湿地公园(试点)影像资料的通知》(林湿综字〔2011〕16号) |
2012 | 《全国湿地保护工程“十二五”实施规划》 |
2013 | 《湿地保护管理规定》(国家林业局令第32号) |
《推进生态文明建设规划纲要(2013-2020年)》(林规发〔2013〕146号(国家林业局) | |
2014 | 《关于进一步加强国家湿地公园建设管理的通知》(办湿字〔2014〕6号) |
Fig. 2 The number of official national wetland parks from 2011 to 2017图2 2011-2017年正式国家湿地公园数量变化 |
Fig. 3 The number and acceptance rate of pilot and official national wetland parks图3 试点与正式国家湿地公园数量及其验收率 |
Fig. 4 The diffusion tendency of the official national wetland park distribution图4 正式国家湿地公园空间分布格局的离散趋势 |
Table 2 Standard deviation ellipse parameters of the official national wetland park distribution表2 正式国家湿地公园空间分布格局的标准差椭圆参数 |
年份 | 沿x轴的标准差/km | 沿y轴的标准差/km | 转角θ /(°) |
---|---|---|---|
2011 | 791.47 | 1071.21 | 39.09 |
2013 | 721.97 | 1254.07 | 32.34 |
2014 | 881.14 | 1147.08 | 34.80 |
2015 | 1113.85 | 855.86 | 49.18 |
2016 | 985.81 | 1111.30 | 41.95 |
2017 | 1086.40 | 1263.45 | 42.60 |
Fig. 5 Kernel density of official national wetland parks图5 正式国家湿地公园核密度分布 |
Table 3 Statistical feature values of the nearest neighbor distance from NUWP or NWP to the prefecture-level cities表3 NUWP和NWP与地级城市最邻近距离统计特征值 |
最邻近距离 | 特征值 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
统计量 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 方差 | 偏度 | 峰度 | 变异系数 | |
NWP | 248 | 0.0282 | 3.9097 | 0.5373 | 0.5146 | 0.265 | 2.796 | 11.292 | 0.9578 |
NUWP | 53 | 0.0302 | 2.0755 | 0.3517 | 0.4024 | 0.162 | 2.189 | 6.017 | 1.1442 |
Fig. 6 The nearest distance between the state-level wetland park and the prefecture-level city图6 两类国家级湿地公园与地级城市之间的最近邻距离 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
[
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
中华人民共和国国家林业局. 国家林业局办公室关于印发《国家湿地公园验收办法(试行)》的通知.
[The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China. Notice on the state forestry administration office on printing and distributing the inspection and acceptance measures of national wetland parks (trial implementation).
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
[
|
[14] |
中华人民共和国国家林业局. 国家林业局关于2015年试点国家湿地公园验收情况的通知.
[The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China. Notice on the State Forestry Administration on the acceptance of the national wetland park in 2015.
|
[15] |
中华人民共和国国家林业局. 国家林业局关于2016年试点国家湿地公园验收结果的通知.
[The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China. Notice on the State Forestry Administration on the acceptance of the national wetland park in 2016.
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
[
|
[24] |
[
|
[25] |
中华人民共和国国家林业局. 国家林业局关于做好湿地公园发展建设工作的通知(林护发〔2005〕118号). 国家林业局公报, 2015, (3): 20-22.
[The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China. Notice on the State Forestry Administration on wetland park development and construction work. State Forestry Administration bulletin, 2015, (3): 20-22.]
|
[26] |
[
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
[
|
[29] |
[
|
[30] |
[
|
[31] |
[
|
[32] |
[
|
[33] |
[
|
[34] |
[
|
[35] |
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |