消费端食物浪费:影响与行动
作者简介:张盼盼(1989- ),女,河南漯河人,博士研究生,研究方向为产业经济学和消费经济学。E-mail: panpandazhang@163.com
收稿日期: 2018-06-13
要求修回日期: 2018-10-11
网络出版日期: 2019-02-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(71874178,71673272);中国科学院先导项目(XDA19040303);重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0113100);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDBS-SSW-DQC)
Food waste at the consumer segment: Impact and action
Received date: 2018-06-13
Request revised date: 2018-10-11
Online published: 2019-02-28
Copyright
食物浪费已经成为全球性问题,引发社会各界广泛关注。消费端是造成食物浪费的重要环节,且呈日趋严重的趋势。消费端的食物浪费主要分为家庭食物浪费和在外食物浪费;消费端的食物浪费对国家粮食安全、资源环境、社会经济发展等方面均产生不同的影响;影响消费端食物浪费的重要因素包括社会经济发展水平、文化因素、人口特征、消费者的行为与意识等。目前对消费端食物浪费的研究多采用称重(或估算)和计量模型等方法,仍需要通过发展更合理的量化方法、建立更完整的理论模型、提出更完善的研究方法进行深入探究。此外,减少消费端食物浪费需要从政府、社会、个人等多角度出发,促使多方利益相关者形成合力应对消费端食物浪费问题。
张盼盼 , 白军飞 , 刘晓洁 , 成升魁 . 消费端食物浪费:影响与行动[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019 , 34(2) : 437 -450 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190218
Food waste has become a global problem, which causes widespread concern from the public. The consumption segment is an important part of food waste, and it is increasingly serious. Food waste at the consumer segment is mainly divided into household food waste and food waste outside home. Food waste at the consumer segment has different impacts on national food security, resources and environment, and social and economic development. Food waste at the consumption segment is affected by factors such as economic and social development, cultural background, demographic characteristics, and consumer behavior and awareness. At present, the study of food waste at the consumer segment mostly uses methods such as weighing (or estimating) and measurement model. It still needs to be further explored by developing reasonable quantitative methods, establishing complete theoretical models and proposing concrete research methods. In addition, to reduce food waste at the consumer segment, we should encourage multi-stakeholders to make a joint effort to deal with food waste at the consumer segment from the perspectives of government, society, individuals and other angles.
Key words: food waste; consumer segment; impact and action
Table 1 Definition of food waste表1 食物浪费的概念界定 |
作者 | 发表年份 | 来源 | 定义 |
---|---|---|---|
WRI[18] | 2016 | 世界资源研究所(WRI) | 食物损失和食物浪费(FLW)通常是指在食物供应链各阶段中损失、减少的食物及/或相关不可食用部分 |
Thybery等[4] | 2016 | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | 食物浪费是指最初为人类消费而生产但后来被丢弃或未被人类消费的食物,包括变质的食物和丢弃时仍可食用的部分 |
European Commission[20] | 2016 | 欧盟委员会(European Commission) | 食物浪费是指食物生产、分配和消费过程中产生的废弃物 |
Buzby等[21] | 2014 | 美国农业部(USDA) | 食物浪费是食物损失的一个组成部分,发生在可食用食物未被消费时,例如消费者餐盘中被丢弃的食物 |
Byker等[22] | 2014 | Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior | 食物浪费是指在美国学校午餐计划中提供的可食用但被浪费的食品和饮料 |
FAO[23] | 2013 | FAO | 食物浪费是指用于人类消费的但被丢弃的那部分食物 |
Bond等[24] | 2013 | Global Food Security | 食物浪费通常指可食用的食物,其目的是供人类消费但是被丢弃、损耗等的部分,不包括不可食用部分和不合需求的部分 |
FAO[25] | 1981 | FAO | 食物浪费是指为人类消费而存在的,但在食物供应链的各个阶段被丢弃、降解或消耗的那部分食物 |
Table 2 Economic loss of food waste表2 食物浪费的经济损失 |
国家 | 发表年份 | 作者 | 期刊/机构 | 经济损失 |
---|---|---|---|---|
意大利 | 2017 | Cicatiello等[16] | Resources, Conservation & Recycling | 一家零售商店食物浪费70.6 t/a,价值近17万欧元/a |
芬兰 | 2014 | Silvennoinen等[29] | British Food Journal | 23 kg/(人·a),芬兰整个国家每年食物浪费量为1.2亿kg |
芬兰 | 2014 | Katajajuuri等[55] | Journal of Cleaner Production | 70欧元/(人·a) |
美国 | 2014 | Buzby等[21] | USDA Economic Research Service | 1616亿美元/a,1249卡路里/(人·a) |
全球范围 | 2013 | FAO[23] | FAO | 7500亿美元/a |
美国 | 2012 | Buzby等[26] | Food Policy | 1656亿美元/a,390美元/(人·a) |
美国 | 2011 | Venkat[56] | International Journal on Food System Dynamics | 1977亿美元/a,643.3美元/(人·a) |
加拿大 | 2010 | Gooch等[27] | Value Chain Management Centre | 266亿美元/a |
美国 | 2010 | Cuéllar等[9] | Environmental Science & Technology | 2030±160万亿BTU能源/年 |
Table 3 Food waste quantification and empirical analysis表3 食物浪费量化和实证分析方法 |
区域 | 发表年份 | 作者 | 估计方法 | 期刊/机构 |
---|---|---|---|---|
中国 | 2018 | 张盼盼等[90] | Logit模型、Tobit模型 | 自然资源学报 |
中国 | 2018 | 张盼盼等[75] | Tobit模型 | 资源科学 |
欧洲 | 2017 | Campoy-Muñoz等[58] | CGE模型 | Resources, Conservation & Recycling |
英国 | 2017 | Russell等[84] | 分层多元回归 | Resources, Conservation & Recycling |
英国 | 2017 | Young等[91] | 方差分析(ANOVA) | Resources, Conservation & Recycling |
2017 | Qi 等[89] | 方差分析(ANOVA)、Tobit模型、OLS-IV、LPM-IV | The 2017 ASSA Annual Meeting | |
意大利 | 2017 | Cicatiello等[16] | Meta分析 | Resources, Conservation & Recycling |
丹麦 | 2016 | Stancu等[63] | 结构方程模型 | Appetite |
德国 | 2016 | Schmidt[92] | 方差分析(ANOVA) | Resources, Conservation & Recycling |
全球 | 2016 | Chalak等[95] | OLS回归 | Waste Management |
美国 | 2016 | Ellison等[64] | OLS回归、Logit模型 | The 2016 AAEA Conference Paper |
意大利 | 2015 | Principato等[68] | Probit模型 | British Food Journal |
美国 | 2015 | Thyberg等[8] | Meta分析 | Environment Science & Technology |
中国 | 2013 | 胡越等[52] | GTAP模型 | 中国人口·资源与环境 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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