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自然资源学报 >

2018 , Vol. 33 >Issue 9: 1503 - 1513

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20170846

资源利用与管理

区域农田当量供需能力分析及其政策启示——以浙江舟山市为例

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  • 1. 浙江大学公共管理学院土地管理系,杭州 310058;
    2. 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州 310012
谭永忠（1970- ）,男,湖南涟源人,博士,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事土地资源利用评价和规划管理研究。E-mail: tanyongzhong@zju.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2017-08-16

  修回日期: 2017-12-02

  网络出版日期: 2018-09-20

基金资助

国家社会科学基金重大项目（14ZDA039）; 浙江省软科学研究计划重点项目（2016C25002）; 杭州市科技计划软科学项目（20140834M46）; 浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项项目

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Analysis on Supply and Demand Capability of the RegionalArable Land Equivalent Unit and Its Policy Implication: A Case Study of Zhoushan City

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  • 1. Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2. Second Institute of Oceanography, the State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received date: 2017-08-16

  Revised date: 2017-12-02

  Online published: 2018-09-20

Supported by

; Key Project of National Social Science Fund, No. 14ZDA039; Key Project of Soft Science Research Plan in Zhejiang Province, No. 2016C25002; Hangzhou Soft Science Project of Sci-technology Plan, No. 20140834M46; Project of Teaching and Research Development of Arts Teachers in Zhejiang University.

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摘要

“以粮为纲”的食物安全观,使中国在实施耕地占补平衡政策过程中,片面追求耕地占补的数量平衡对食物安全的保障作用,而忽视了耕地以外的用地类型对区域食物安全的作用,不仅导致补充耕地的质量与占用耕地的质量不可同日而语,而且由于盲目对草地、林地、滩涂湿地等进行开发而付出了沉重的生态环境代价。论文从食物安全的内涵出发,引入农田当量与食物当量概念,选取浙江省舟山市为研究区,对研究区农田当量的供需能力进行实证分析,并为耕地占补平衡政策的改进提出相应的政策启示。研究结果表明：1）采用农田当量与食物当量的计算方法,可以较好地统一粮食产量和养殖水产品产量的食物当量,进而统一耕地与养殖水面的农田当量供给。2）受耕地面积减少和耕地抛荒比例较高等因素影响,近年研究区来自耕地的农田当量下降了37.3%;与此同时,尽管研究区养殖水面面积也在不断缩减,但受标准养殖塘建设、养殖技术进步以及品种改进等因素的影响,来自养殖水面的总农田当量上升了18.3%。来自耕地和养殖水面的总农田当量的比例,由2009年的46:54变为2015年的31:69。3）在温饱、小康和富裕3个不同生活水准下,研究区本地耕地和养殖水面提供的农田当量,都难以满足常住人口的需求,但是,通过改善农田基础设施、提高耕地复种指数,建设高标准养殖塘、提高养殖水面单产等措施,可以提高耕地和养殖水面的农田当量至19 771.22 hm2,进而降低约35%的农田当量缺口。在此基础上,论文得到转变食物安全观念,重视耕地以外的用地类型的食物供给能力;推进高标准农田和高标准养殖塘建设,提高耕地和养殖塘的农田当量供给能力;加大耕地保护力度,探索耕地占补平衡的多样化实现形式等政策启示。

关键词： 耕地占补平衡; 农田当量; 食物当量; 政策启示; 舟山市

本文引用格式

谭永忠, 何巨, 俞振宁, 谭勇华 . 区域农田当量供需能力分析及其政策启示——以浙江舟山市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018 , 33(9) : 1503 -1513 . DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20170846

Abstract

In the course of implementing the cultivated land requisition-compensation balance policy, the food security concept of “taking grain as the key link” makes China pursuit the quantity balance of cultivated land while neglect the role of land use types other than cultivated land in regional food security. This approach leads to not only significant difference between supplementary and occupied cultivated land, but also blind development of grasslands, woodlands and wetlands, and thus pays a big price for ecological environment. Based on the connotation of food security, this paper introduces the concept of arable land equivalent unit (ALEU) and food equivalent unit (FEU). Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province is chosen as the research area. This paper analyzes the supply and demand capability of the ALEU in the study area, and puts forward corresponding policy implications for improving cultivated land requisition-compensation balance. The results are as follows: 1) With the concepts of ALEU and FEU, we can better unify the FEU of grain and aquiculture products and then unify the ALEU supplies from cultivated land and aquaculture water. 2) Under the influence of the decrease of cultivated land area and big area of cultivated land abandonment, the ALEU of cultivated land decreased by 37.3% in recent years. The aquaculture water area in the study area, meanwhile, is also shrinking, however, under the influence of the construction of standard aquaculture pond and the improvement of breeding technology, the ALEU of aquaculture pond increased by 18.3% in recent years. The ratio of the ALEU from cultivated land and aquaculture pond changed from 46:54 in 2009 to 31:69 in 2015. 3) Under three different living standards: adequately fed, well-off and prosperous, ALEU from cultivated land and aquaculture water are hard to meet the needs of permanent resident population in the study area. However, measures such as improving agriculture infrastructure, raising cultivated land multi-cropping index, building high-standard aquaculture ponds, and improving yield per unit area of aquaculture water can increase the ALEU from cultivated land and aquaculture water to 19 771.22 hm2 and then reduce the ALEU gap by around 35%. On the basis of the results, the paper puts forward some policy implications, such as changing the food safety concept, attaching importance to food supply capability of land types other than the cultivated land, exploring the diversified form and differentiated management policy of cultivated land requisition-compensation balance, promoting the construction of high-standard cultivated lands and high-standard aquaculture ponds, enhancing supply capability of ALEU from existing cultivated lands and aquaculture ponds.

Key words： arable land equivalent unit (ALEU); cultivated land requisition-compensation balance; food equivalent unit (FEU); policy implication; Zhoushan City

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