History of several thousand years of human civilization is based on agriculture, and agricultural production provides spiritual and material basis for the development of human society. Agroforestry is a complex production system of forestry combined with agriculture or livestock organically, which is the essence of ecological agriculture reflecting the combination of mankind and forest. Agroforestry is a labor-intensive operation model to take fully advan-tage of natural forces, and characterized as systematic, complex, intensive and efficient. It not only creates wealth for human society, but also keeps biological and environment in a healthy eco-system. The fragile ecosystem, as well as the frequent occurrence of drought, soil erosion and sand disasters in Northwest China has seriously affected the development of social economy. Developing agroforestry is a new pattern of forestry development, and it is also an effective way to solve the vicious circle between ecological environment and backward social economy. The agroforestry systems in Northwest arid China were divided into four type regions including steppe, desert-oasis, Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau according to the natural conditions, socio-economic status, development situations of agroforestry systems and the needs of scientific research, production practice and rural economics. The characteristics of agroforestry systems including location and natural features, agroforestry features and typical types were analyzed. Additionally, considering the multi-level, multi-component, multi-purpose and multi-objective characteristics of agroforestry, we proposed a method to classify agrofore-stry based on forest origin, biological components, growth cycle and dominant function. Finally, the countermeasures for the issues existing in designing and planning, theoretical research and application and promotion of agroforestry management were presented, so as to afford references for the conservation and development of agroforestry in Northwest China.
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