EN中文

自然资源学报 >

2012 >Issue 10: 1708 - 1719

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.10.009

资源生态

黄河源区草地退化对土壤持水性影响的初步研究

展开
  • 1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 北京师范大学 地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875;
    4. 区域地理研究实验室, 北京 100875

收稿日期: 2011-09-02

  修回日期: 2011-11-09

  网络出版日期: 2012-10-20

基金资助

国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC61B01)。

收起

Preliminary Study for the Influences of Grassland Degradation on Soil Water Retention in the Source Region of the Yellow River

Expand
  • 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    4. Laboratory of Regional Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received date: 2011-09-02

  Revised date: 2011-11-09

  Online published: 2012-10-20

Fold

摘要

在黄河源区草地退化严重的玛沁县军牧场地区,采用不同草地退化样地对比的方法,开展草地退化对土壤持水性影响研究。结果表明:①毛管持水量和饱和含水量在0~10 cm土层以无退化草地最大,极度退化草地最小,而在10~20 cm土层,两者在不同退化草地之间差异不明显,仍以极度退化草地最小,但两者在20~30 cm土层以轻度和重度退化草地较大,无退化和中度退化草地相对较小;②在土壤表层(0~10 cm),无退化草地的田间持水量远大于其他退化草地,轻度和重度退化草地田间持水量较大,极度退化草地最小,而在10 cm以下土层,田间持水量以轻度和重度退化草地较大,无退化和中度退化草地相对较小;③各土壤持水量与土壤理化性质关系密切,主要受容重、总碳、有机质和总氮这4个因素影响;④不同草地退化程度下地表覆被状况、植物根系生物量以及分布特征引起土壤容重、有机质等发生变化,可能是进一步导致土壤持水性差异的主要原因。研究可为区域草地退化对土壤水文生态效应影响提供科学依据。

关键词： 草地退化; 土壤持水性; 黄河源区

本文引用格式

易湘生, 李国胜, 尹衍雨, 王炳亮 . 黄河源区草地退化对土壤持水性影响的初步研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012 , (10) : 1708 -1719 . DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.10.009

Abstract

The influences of grassland degradation on soil water retention were studied in the Junmuchang region of Maqin County, where is in the source region of the Yellow River, and the grassland degradation in this area is very serious. The methods of quadrates comparing different grassland degradation degrees were chosen in this research. Some important conclusions were obtained from this study, which mainly contained four aspects as follows. 1) Capillary water capacity and saturated water content were the biggest in the non-degradated grassland with a soil depth of 0-10 cm but the smallest in the extremely degradated grassland. While the capillary water capacity and saturated water content had no significant differences for both cases in 10-20 cm, and they were also the minimum in the extremely degradated grassland. However, the capillary water capacity and saturated water content in 20-30 cm were larger in the slight and serious degradated grassland, and they were relatively low in the non and moderate degradated grassland. 2) The field water capacity in the non-degradated grassland was much bigger than other grassland with different degradated degrees in the 0-10 cm soil depth. The field water capacity was relatively large in the slight and serious degradated grassland, but it was the minimum in the extremely degradated grassland. The field water capacity was relatively large in the slight and serious degradated grassland below a soil depth of 10 cm, and it was fairly low in the non and moderate degradated grassland. 3) Soil water retention had a close relationship with soil physiochemical properties, and they were mainly affected by the bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and total carbon. 4) The land-cover, biomass amount and distribution characteristics of plant roots with different grassland degradation degrees could induce the changes of bulk density, organic matter and so on, and would be possible to result in the changes of soil water retention. This research could provide the scientific basis for the study of the impacts of grassland vegetation degradation on soil hydrological and ecological effects.

Key words： grassland degradation; soil water retention; source region of Yellow River

参考文献

[1] 谢静, 关文彬, 崔国发, 等. 锡林郭勒草原不同植被类型的土壤水分特性[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2009, 37(1): 45-48.[XIE Jing, GUAN Wen-bin, CUI Guo-fa, et al. Soil moisture characteristics of different types of vegetation in Xilingol Grassland. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2009, 37 〖2] 江源, 章异平, 杨艳刚, 等. 放牧对五台山高山、亚高山草甸植被－土壤系统耦合的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(4): 837-846.[JIANG Yuan, ZHANG Yi-ping, YANG Yan-gang, et al. Impacts of grazing on the system coupling between vegetation and soil in the alpine and subalpine meadows of Wutai Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(4): 837-846.]
[3] 李博. 中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J]. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30(6): 1-9.[LI Bo. The rangeland degradation in northern China and its preventive strategy. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1997, 30 〖4] 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 31-40.[ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHAO Xin-quan, ZHOU Li, et al. A study on correlations between vegetation degradation and soil degradation in the 'Alpine Meadow’ of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14 〖5] ZUO Xiao-an, ZHAO Ha-lin, ZHAO Xue-yong, et al.Vegetation pattern variation, soil degradation and their relationship along a grassland desertification gradient in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China [J]. Environmental Geology, 2009, 58(6): 1227-1237.
[6] 蔡晓布, 张永青, 邵伟. 不同退化程度高寒草原土壤肥力变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(3): 1034-1044.[CAI Xiao-bu, ZHANG Yong-qing, SHAO Wei. Characteristics of soil fertility in alpine steppes at different degradation grades. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28 〖7] 李卓, 吴普特, 冯浩, 等. 容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(4): 611-620.[LI Zhuo, WU Pu-te, FENG Hao, et al. Simulated experiment on effects of soil bulk density on soil water holding capacity. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47 〖8] 骆伯胜, 钟继洪, 谭军, 等. 坡地赤红壤物理退化及其机理研究: II. 土壤水分性能退化特征[J]. 热带亚热带土壤科学, 1998, 7(2): 161-165.[LUO Bo-sheng, ZHONG Ji-hong, TAN Jun, et al. Studies on physical properties degradation and its possible mechanism of Latord soil II: Studies on characteristics of soil water properties degradation. Tropical and Subtropical Soil Science, 1998, 7 〖9] 胡光印, 董治宝, 逯军峰, 等. 黄河源区1975-2005年沙漠化时空演变及其成因分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(5): 1079-1086.[HU Guang-yin, DONG Zhi-bao, LU Jun-feng, et al. Spatial and temporal changes of desertification land and its influence factors in source region of the Yellow River from 1975 to 2005. Journal of Desert Research, 2011, 31(5): 1079-1086.]
[10] 王辉, 任继周, 袁宏波. 黄河源区天然草地沙化机理分析研究[J]. 草业学报, 2006(6): 19-25.[WANG Hui, REN Ji-zhou, YUAN Hong-bo. Study on the desertification mechanism of natural grassland in the source regions of the Yellow River. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006 〖11] 魏强, 王芳, 陈文业, 等. 黄河上游玛曲不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理特性研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2010, 30(5): 16-21.[WEI Qiang, WANG Fang, CHEN Wen-ye, et al. Soil physical characteristics on different degraded alpine grasslands in Maqu County in upper Yellow River. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 30 〖12] 沈永平, 王根绪, 吴青柏, 等. 长江-黄河源区未来气候情景下的生态环境变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(3): 308-314.[SHEN Yong-ping, WANG Gen-xu, WU Qing-bai et al. The impact of future climate change on ecology and environments in the Changjiang-Yellow rivers source region. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(3): 308-314.]
[13] 张镱锂, 刘林山, 摆万奇, 等. 黄河源地区草地退化空间特征[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(1): 3-14.[ZHANG Yi-li, LIU Lin-shan, BAI Wang-qi, et al. Grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61 〖14] 史惠兰, 王启基, 景增春, 等. 江河源区人工草地及"黑土滩"退化草地群落演替与物种多样性动态[J]. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(4): 655-661.[SHI Hui-lan, WANG Qi-ji, JIANG Zeng-chun, et al. Community succession and species diversity of manmade partum as well as degenerated partum on 'Heitutan land’ (secondary bare land) in the area covered by the headwaters of Yellow River and Yangtze River. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica, 2005, 25 〖15] 张静, 李希来, 王金山, 等. 三江源地区不同退化程度草地群落结构特征的变化[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2009(9): 2125-2129.[ZHANG Jing, LI Xi-lai, WANG Jin-shan, et al. Analysis on plant community structure in different degradation grassland in the Sanjiangyuan region. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2009 〖16] 星学军. 黄河源区高寒草甸不同退化阶段草地特征研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(22): 10578-10580.[XING Xue-jun. Different stages of degradation characteristics of alpine meadow in the Yellow river source area. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2009, 37 〖17] 汤洁, 韩维峥, 李娜, 等. 吉林西部草地生态系统不同退化演替阶段土壤有机碳变化研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(5): 1182-1185.[TANG Jie, HAN Wei-zheng, LI Na, et al. Changes of soil organic carbon in different succession stages of degradation grassland of western Jilin Province. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19 〖18] 冯瑞章, 周万海, 龙瑞军, 等. 江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理, 化学及生物学特征研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(2): 263-269.[FENG Rui-zhang, ZHOU Wan-hai, LONG Rui-jun, et al. Characteristics of soil physical, chemical and biological properties on degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41 〖19] Snyman H, Du Preez C. Rangeland degradation in a semi-arid South Africa-II: influence on soil quality [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2005, 60(3): 483-507.
[20] 王一博, 王根绪, 吴青柏, 等. 植被退化对高寒土壤水文特征的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(5): 989-998.[WANG Yi-bo, WANG Gen-xu, WU Qing-bai, et al. The impact of vegetation degeneration on hydrology features of alpine soil. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32 〖21] 王根绪, 沈永平, 钱鞠, 等. 高寒草地植被覆盖变化对土壤水分循环影响研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(6): 653-659.[WANG Gen-xu, SHEN Yong-ping, QIAN Ju, et al. Study on the influence of vegetation change on soil moisture cycle in alpine meadow. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25 〖22] 旦正措. 玛沁县草地退化现状及治理建议[J]. 养殖与饲料, 2011(6): 69-70.[DAN Zhengcuo. Current situation and suggestions of grassland degradation in Maqin County. Animals Breeding and Feed, 2011 〖23] 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等. 层次分析法在江河源区高寒草地退化研究中的应用[J]. 资源科学, 2005, 27(4): 63-70. [ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHAO Xin-quan, ZHOU Li, et al. Application of analytic hierarchy process on the alpine grassland degradation in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Resources Science, 2005, 27 〖24] 王慧春, 周华坤, 王文颖, 等. 三江源区高寒草甸43种植物繁殖体质量和形状的比较[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 37(8): 195-203.[WANG Hui-chun, ZHOU Hua-kun, WANG Wen-ying, et al. A comparative study on diaspore quality and shape of 43 plant species at the alpine meadow in the source region of three rivers. Journal of Northwest A&F University: Natural Science, 2009, 37 〖25] 周华坤, 赵新全, 赵亮, 等. 高山草甸垂穗披碱草人工草地群落特征及稳定性研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 2007, 29(2): 13-25.[ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHAO Xin-quan, ZHAO Liang, et al. The community characteristics and stability of the Elymus nutans artificial grassland in alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2007, 29 〖26] 李海英, 彭红春, 王启基. 高寒矮嵩草草甸不同退化演替阶段植物群落地上生物量分析[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(5): 26-32.[LI Hai-ying, PENG Hong-chun, WANG Qi-ji. Study on the aboveground biomass of plant communities among the stages of regressive succession in alpine Kobresia humilis meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13 〖27] 孙海群. 小蒿草和矮蒿草高寒草甸退化演替研究[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2002, 1(1): 1-3.[SUN Hai-qun. Studies on the degradation succession of Kobresia pymaea and K. humilis alpine meadow. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2002, 1 〖28] 刘伟, 周华坤, 周立. 不同程度退化草地生物量的分布模式[J]. 中国草地, 2005, 27(2): 9-15.[LIU Wei, ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHOU Li. Biomass distribution pattern of degraded grassland in alpine meadow. Grassland of China, 2005, 27 〖29] 刘伟, 王启基, 王溪. 高寒草甸"黑土型"退化草地的成因及生态过程[J]. 草地学报, 1999, 7(4): 300-307.[LIU Wei, WANG Qi-ji, WANG Xi, et al. Ecological process of forming "black-soil-type" degraded grassland. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1999, 7 〖30] 周华坤, 周立, 赵新全, 等. 江河源区"黑土滩"型退化草场的形成过程与综合治理[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(5): 51-55.[ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHOU Li, ZHAO Xin-quan, et al. Degradation process and integrated treatment of "black soil beach" grassland in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow rivers. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2003, 22 〖31] 杨元武, 李希来, 祁盛仓. 江河源地区不同荒漠化草地物种多样性研究[J]. 青海大学学报: 自然科学版, 2005, 23(3): 42-45.[YANG Yuan-wu, LI Xi-lai, QI Sheng-cang. The study of the species diversity in different kind of deserted grassland in source area of Yellow and Yangtze rivers. Journal of Qinghai University: Nature Science, 2005, 23 〖32] 邱丹. 青南地区"黑土滩"退化草地植被演替规律的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(9): 284-285.[QIU Dan. The study on vegetation succession law of degraded grassland of "black soil type" on southern Qinghai Province. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21 〖33] 曹广民, 吴琴, 李东, 等. 土壤-牧草氮素供需状况变化对高寒草甸植被演替与草地退化的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(6): 25-28.[CAO Guang-ming, WU Qin, LI Dong, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply and demand status of soil and herbage system on vegetation succession and grassland degradation in alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 23 〖34] 张万儒, 杨光澄, 屠星南. 中华人民共和国林业行业标准--森林土壤分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1999: 347-349.[ZHANG Wan-ru, YANG Guang-cheng, TU Xing-nan. Forest Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China-Forest Soil Analysis Method. Beijing: Chinese Press of Stand, 1999: 347-349.]
[35] 王冬梅. 农地水土保持[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2000: 67-74.[WANG Dong-mei. Farmland Soil and Water Conservation. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2000: 67-74.]
[36] 游松财, 邸苏闯, 袁晔. 黄土高原地区土壤田间持水量的计算[J]. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(3): 545-552.[YOU Song-cai, DI Su-chuang, YUAN Ye. Study on soil field capacity estimation in the Loess Plateau region. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24 〖37] Hillel D. Applications of Soil Physics [M]. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
[38] Williams J, Prebble R, Williams W, et al. The influence of texture, structure and clay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristic [J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1983, 21(1): 15-32.
[39] 高英志, 韩兴国, 汪诗平. 放牧对草原土壤的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 790-797.[GAO Ying-zhi, HAN Xing-guo, WANG Shi-ping. The effects of grazing on grassland soils. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24 〖40] 周印东, 吴金水, 赵世伟, 等. 子午岭植被演替过程中土壤剖面有机质与持水性能变化[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(6): 895-900.[ZHOU Yin-dong, WU Jin-shui, ZHAO Shi-wei, et al. Change of soil organic matter and water holding ability during vegetation succession in Ziwuling region. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23 〖41] Nemes A, Rawls W. Evaluation of different representations of the particle-size distribution to predict soil water retention [J]. Geoderma, 2006, 132(1/2): 47-58.
[42] Pachepsky Y, Rawls W, Guber A, et al. Soil aggregates and water retention [J]. Developments in Soil Science, 2004, 30(8): 143-150.
[43] 曹丽花, 刘合满, 赵世伟. 当雄草原不同退化草甸土壤含水量及容重分布特征[J]. 草地学报, 2011, 19(5): 746-751.[CAO Li-hua, LIU He-man, ZHAO Shi-wei. The distribution of soil water contents and bulk density on degraded grassland at Dangxiong. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19 〖44] 王一博, 王根绪, 张春敏, 等. 高寒植被生态系统变化对土壤物理化学性状的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(6): 921-927.[WANG Yi-bo, WANG Gen-xu, ZHANG Chun-min, et al. Response of soil physicochemical properties to the changes of the vegetation ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29 〖45] 李希来. 高寒草甸草地与其退化产物"黑土滩"生物多样性和群落特征的初步研究[J]. 草业科学, 1996, 13(2): 21-23.[LI Xi-lai. A preliminary study on biological diversity and features of plant communities in alpine meadow and its deteriorative result-"black soil patch". Pratacultural Science, 1996, 13 〖46] 王长庭, 王启兰, 景增春, 等. 不同放牧梯度下高寒小嵩草草甸植被根系和土壤理化特征的变化[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(5): 9-15.[WANG Chang-ting, WANG Qi-lan, JING Zeng-chun, et al. Vegetation roots and soil physical and chemical characteristic changes in Kobresia pygmaca meadow under different grazing gradients. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17 〖47] 韦兰英, 上官周平. 黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根垂直分布特征与土壤环境的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(11): 3740-3748.〖WEI Lan-ying, SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping. Relationship between vertical distribution of fine root in different successional stages of herbaceous vegetation and soil environment in Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉