以中国1997—2009年间省际面板数据为基础,在方向性距离函数的框架下测度环境污染影响下的农业技术效率,并探讨农业环境技术效率的时空分异特征及其演变的影响因素。主要的结论如下:①1997—2009年间全国农业环境技术效率的平均值为0.692,总体上呈现增加—减少—增加的变化趋势;②农业环境技术效率的空间分布和区域经济发展水平、农业生产条件存在着对应关系,经济发展水平较高的东部地区农业环境技术效率较高,经济发展水平较低的中部和西部地区环境技术效率普遍较低;③影响农业环境技术效率的因素是多方面的。经济发展水平的提高使人们对农业环境质量需求进一步提高,也有更大能力和意愿进行农业环境污染治理,从而促进农业环境技术效率提高;种植业结构和农业产值结构的变动都会对农业环境技术效率产生影响;农业基础设施投资有利于农业环境技术效率的提高;而农业资源禀赋和农业环境管理政策对农业环境技术效率的作用不明显。
This paper applied the directional distance function model and measured agricultural technical efficiency under the environmental constraints using inter-provincial panel data from 1997 to 2009, then analyzed temporal and spatial characteristics of agricultural environmental technical efficiency, and lastly explored the factors affecting the evolution of agricultural environmental technical efficiency. The main findings are: 1) The average value of agricultural environmental technical efficiency from 1997 to 2009 was 0.692. From the temporal perspective, in general agricultural environmental technical efficiency appeared an increase-decrease-increase trend. 2) Agricultural environmental technical efficiency was related with regional economic development and agricultural production condition. Provinces with a higher level of economic development in Eastern China have higher environmental technical efficiency; while provinces with a lower level of economic development in Central and Western China have lower environmental technical efficiency. 3) Factors affecting agricultural environmental technical efficiency are multifaceted. With good economic development, people have higher environmental requirements, have greater capacity and willingness to prevent and control agricultural environmental pollution, and therefore promoting agricultural environmental technical efficiency. Changes of agricultural structure, including crop structure and agricultural production value structure, affect agricultural environmental technical efficiency as well. Agricultural infrastructure investment is helpful for agricultural environmental technical efficiency. However, the role of agricultural resource endowments and agricultural environmental management policies on agricultural environmental technical efficiency is not obvious.
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