基于甘肃省27个气象站点1960—2008年逐日气温、 降水、 风速、 日照时数、 太阳总辐射和相对湿度数据,应用Penman-Monteith模型和Kriging插值法,分析其潜在蒸散量的时空变化及其影响因子。结果表明:近49 a来,甘肃省不同气候区年均潜在蒸散量变化除河西走廊外均呈上升趋势,并以甘南高寒湿润区上升最显著,变化率为10.36 mm/10 a(α=0.001);在四季变化中,夏季最大,春秋次之,冬季最小,各气候区变化趋势有别。潜在蒸散量空间差异显著,表现为自西北向东南递减,且甘南高原最小,河西暖温带最大。河西、 陇南、 陇中、 甘南及祁连山区年均潜在蒸散量分别与平均风速、 太阳总辐射和最高气温正相关最显著,典型站点与之一致,且辐射项主要受太阳辐射影响,动力项主要受风速影响。
Based on the daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine hours, total solar radiation and related humidity data of the 27 weather stations of Gansu Province from 1960 to 2008, evapotranspiration (ET0) was estimated with the methods of Penman-Monteith model and the temporal-spatial variation of ET0was analyzed by using Kriging interpolation in different climate regions of Gansu Province. The results indicated that ET0 was different in different climate regions of Gansu and changing trends of ET0 were increasing except for Hexi Corridor. The changing trend of ET0 was increasing most obviously in high-cold humid area of Gannan, the change rate was 10.36 mm/10 a (α=0.001). In four seasons, summer ET0 was maximum, autumn and spring ones occupied the second place, and winter ET0 was minimum. ET0 had the characteristic of remarkable spatial variation,with the decreasing from northwest to southeast, with the smallest in Gannan plateau, while the biggest in the warm temperate zone of Hexi Corridor. But the changing trend was different in different climate regions of Gansu Province. There was remarkable positive correlation between the mean annual ET0 and the annual mean wind speed,the annual total solar radiation,the annual mean highest temperature, respectively in the warm-temperate zone, cold-temperate zone, arid region of Hexi Corridor and Longnan humid region, semi-arid region of Longzhong,Gannan and Qilian mountainous regions of Gansu. Climatic influencing factors of the typical weather stations of each climate region were similar as those of the seven climate regions and the ETrad was mainly impacted by the total solar radiation, while the ETaero was affected by the wind speed.
[1] 高歌, 陈德亮, 任国玉, 等. 1956—2000年中国潜在蒸发量变化趋势[J]. 地理研究, 2006, 25(3): 378-132.
[2] 谢贤群, 王菱. 中国北方近50年潜在蒸发的变化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(5): 683-691.
[3] 孙小舟, 封志明, 杨艳昭. 西辽河流域1952年—2007年参考作物蒸散量的变化趋势[J]. 资源科学, 2009, 31(3): 479-484.
[4] Golubev V, Lawrimore J H, Groisman P Y, et al. Evaporation change over the contiguous United States and the former USSR: A reassessment [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2001, 28(13): 2665-2668.
[5] Jun A, Hideyukin K, Lu M. Pan evaporation trends in Japan and its relevance to the variability of the hydrological cycle [J]. Tenki, 2004, 51(9): 667-678.
[6] Linacre E T. Evaporation trends [J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2004, 79: 11-21.
[7] 尹云鹤, 吴绍洪, 郑度, 等. 近30年我国干湿状况变化的区域差异[J]. 科学通报, 2005, 50(15): 1636-1642.
[8] 王鹏祥, 杨金虎, 张强, 等. 近半个世纪来中国西北地面气候变化基本特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(6): 649-656.
[9] 靳立亚, 李静, 王新, 等. 近50年中国西北地区干湿状况时空分布[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 847-854.
[10] 曾丽红, 宋开山, 张柏, 等. 近60年来东北地区参考作物蒸散量时空变化[J]. 水科学进展, 2010, 21(2): 194-200.
[11] 李林, 张国胜, 汪青春, 等. 黄河上游流域蒸散量及其影响因子研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2000, 15(3): 256-259.
[12] 梁丽乔, 闫敏华, 邓伟, 等. 松嫩平原西部参考作物蒸散量变化过程[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 25(3): 22-31.
[13] 张守红, 刘苏峡, 莫兴国, 等. 阿克苏河流域气候变化对潜在蒸散量影响分析[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(11): 1363-1370.
[14] 王亚敏, 张勃, 戴声佩, 等. 河西地区1960年至2008年潜在蒸发量的时空变化分析[J]. 资源科学, 2010, 32(1): 139-148.
[15] 贾文雄, 何元庆, 王旭峰, 等. 祁连山及河西走廊潜在蒸发量的时空变化[J]. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(2): 159-167.
[16] 王素萍, 张存杰, 韩永翔. 甘肃省不同气候区蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(3): 675-680.
[17] 甘肃年鉴编委会编. 甘肃年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2009: 34-35.
[18] 李栋梁, 刘德祥. 甘肃气候[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2000.
[19] 吴绍洪, 尹云鹤, 郑度, 等. 近30年中国陆地表层干湿状况研究[J]. 中国科学D辑, 2005, 35(3): 276-283.
[20] 何慧根, 胡泽勇, 荀学义, 等. 藏北高原季节性冻土区前在蒸散和干湿状况分析[J]. 高原气象, 2010, 29(1): 10-16.
[21] 祝昌汉. 再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(二)[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 1982(2): 196-206.
[22] 张明军, 李瑞雪, 贾文雄, 等. 中国天山山区潜在蒸发量的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(7): 798-806.
