[1] Getz D. Event Management and Event Tourism [M]. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation, 1997.
[2] Boorstin D. Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America [M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1961: 22-132.
[3] Ritchie J R B. Assessing the impact of Hallmark events [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1984, 23(1): 2-11.
[4] Getz D. Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research [J]. Tourism Management, 2008, 29(3): 403-428.
[5] Jafari J. Tourism mega-events [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1988, 15(2): 272-273.
[6] Dwyer L, Mellor R, Mistilis N. A framework for assessing "tangible" and "intangible" impacts of events and conventions [J]. Event Management, 2000, 6(3): 175-189.
[7] Lee C K. World culture expo segment characteristics [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2001, 28(3): 812-816.
[8] Jago L, Chalip L, Brown G, et al. Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts [J]. Event Management, 2003, 8(1): 3-14.
[9] Getz D, Fariley S. Media management at sport events for destination promotion: Case studies and concepts [J]. Event Management, 2003, 8(3): 127-139.
[10] Gripsrud G, Erik B, Olsson U H. Effects of hosting a mega-sport event on country image [J]. Event Management, 2010, 14(3): 193- 204.
[11] Sealy W, Wickens E. The potential impact of mega sport media on the travel decision-making process and destination choice—The case of Portugal and Euro 2004 [J]. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2008, 24(2-3): 127-137.
[12] Gursoy D, Kim K, Uysal M. Perceived impacts of festivals and special events by organizers: An extension and validation [J]. Tourism Management, 2004, 25(2): 171-181.
[13] Ziakas V, Carla A C. Event portfolio and multi-purpose development: Establishing the conceptual grounds [J]. Sport Management Review, 2010, 84(SMR): 1-15.
[14] Gursoy D, Kendall K W. Hosting mega event modeling local’s support [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006, 33(3): 603-623.
[15] Lorde T, Greenidge D, Devonish D. Local residents’perceptions of the impacts of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 on Barbados: Comparisons of pre- and post-games [J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(2): 349-356.
[16] Kim H J, Gursoy D, Lee S B. The impact of the 2002 world cup on South Korea: Comparisons of pre- and post-games [J]. Tourism Management, 2006, 27(1): 86-96.
[17] Kim S S, Petrick J F. Residents’perceptions on impacts of the FIFA 2002 World Cup: The case of Seoul as a host city [J]. Tourism Management, 2005, 26(1): 25-38.
[18] Waitt G. Social impacts of the Sydney Olympics [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003, 30(1): 194-215.
[19] Lamberti L, Noci G, Guo Jurong, et al. Mega-events as drivers of community participation in developing countries: The case of Shanghai World Expo [J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(6): 1474-1483.
[20] Florek M, Breitbarth T. Mega event= Mega impact? Travelling fans’experience and perceptions of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Host Nation [J]. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 2008, 13(3): 199-219.
[21] Ko Y J, Kim M K, Kim Y K, et al. Consumer satisfaction and event quality perception: A case of US Open Taekwondo Championship [J]. Event Management, 2010, 14(3): 205-214.
[22] Anderson D, Shimizu H. Recollections of Expo 70: Visitors’Experiences and the retention of vivid long-term memories [J]. Curator, 2007, 50(4): 435-454.
[23] Daniels M J. Central place theory and sport tourism impacts [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2007, 34(2): 332-347.
[24] McHone W W, Rungeling B. Practical issues in measuring the impact of a cultural tourist event in a major tourist destination [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2000, 38(3): 299-302.
[25] Kasimati E, Dawson P. Assessing the impact of the 2004 Olympic Games on the Greek economy: A small macroeconometric model [J]. Economic Modelling, 2009, 26(1): 139-146.
[26] O’Brien D. Event Business leveraging: The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006, 33(1): 240-261.
[27] O’Brien D, Gardiner S. Creating sustainable mega event impacts: Networking and relationship development through pre-event training [J]. Sport Management Review, 2006, 9 (1): 25-47.
[28] Greene S J. Staged cities: Mega-events, slum clearance, and global capital [J]. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal, 2003, 6(1): 161-187.
[29] Whitson D, Horne J. Underestimated costs and over estimated benefits? Comparing the outcomes of sports mega-events in Canada and Japan [J]. The Sociological Review, 2006, 54(Supp 2): 71-89.
[30] Roche M. Mega-events and urban policy [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1994, 21(1): 1-19.
[31] Bramwell B. Strategic planning before and after a mega-event [J]. Tourism Management, 1997, 18(3): 167-176.
[32] Spiropoulos S, Garaalianos D, Sotiriadou K. The 20th Greek Festival of Sydney: A stakeholder analysis [J]. Event Management, 2006, 9(4): 169-183.
[33] Cho M. A re-examination of tourism and peace: The case of the Mt. Gumgang tourism development on the Korean Peninsula [J]. Tourism Management, 2007, 28(2): 556-569.
[34] Manzenreiter W. The 'benefits’ of hosting: Japanese experiences from the 2002 Football World Cup [J]. Asia Business and Management, 2008, 7(2): 201-224.
[35] Lee C K. A comparative study of Caucasian and Asian visitors to a Cultural Expo in an Asian setting [J]. Tourism Management, 2000, 21(2): 169-176.
[36] Kim H, Borrges M C, Chon J. Impacts of environmental values on tourism motivation: The case of FICA, Brazil [J]. Tourism Management, 2006, 27(5): 957-967.
[37] Collins A, Jones C, Munday M. Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: Two options? [J]. Tourism Management, 2009, 30(6): 828-837.
[38] http: //www. greenpeace. org/international/en/news/features/athens-disqualified-from-green/.
[39] Deccio C, Baloglu S. Nonhost community resident reactions to the 2002 Winter Olympics: The spillover impacts [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2002, 41(1): 46-56.
[40] Kim K S. Exploring transportation planning issues during the preparations for EXPO 2012 Yeosu Korea [J]. Habitat International, 2011, 35(2): 286-294.
[41] Panyik E, Costa C, Rátz T. Implementing integrated rural tourism: An event-based approach [J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(6): 1352-1363.
[42] Higham J, Hinch T. Tourism, sport and seasons: The challenges and potentials of over- coming seasonality in the sport and tourism sectors [J]. Tourism Management, 2002, 23(2): 175-185.
[43] Chen P J. The attributes, consequence, and values associated with event sport tourists’behavior: A means end chain approach [J]. Event Management, 2006, 10(1): 1-22.
[44] Lee C K, Song H J, Mjelde J W. The forecasting of International Expo tourism using quantitative and qualitative techniques [J]. Tourism Management, 2008, 29(6): 1084-1098.
[45] Fourie J, María S G. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals [J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(6): 1364-1370.
[46] Hede A M. Managing special events in the new era of the triple bottom line [J]. Event Management, 2007, 11(1/2): 13-22.
[47] Stokes R. Tourism strategy making: Insights to the events tourism domain [J]. Tourism Management, 2008, 29(2): 252-262.
[48] Getz D, Anderson T, Carlsen J. Festival management studies: Developing a framework and priorities for comparative and cross-cultural research [J]. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 2010, 1(1): 29-59.
[49] Li Sheng. Competing or cooperating to host mega events: A simple model [J]. Economic Modelling, 2010, 27(1): 375-379.
[50] 罗秋菊. 世界大型事件活动对旅游业的影响及对中国的启示——以历届奥运会和韩国世界杯为例[J]. 商业研究, 2003 (11): 150-153.
[51] 保继刚, 潘兴连, Geoffrey W. 城市旅游的理论与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001: 112-118.
[52] 张丽, 郭英之. 重大事件的旅游效应分析及营销策略[J]. 商业研究, 2005(18): 170-172.
[53] 罗秋菊, 杨云露. 游客对2010年广州亚运会影响城市旅游形象的感知研究——基于事件举办前视角[J]. 热带地理, 2010, 30(5): 558-563.
[54] 李绍刚, 李思东. 事件旅游影响及对我国的启示[J]. 商业研究, 2007(10): 192-195.
[55] 戴光全, 保继刚. 城市节庆活动的整合与可持续发展——以昆明市为例[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2007, 26(4): 58-641.
[56] 戴光全, 保继刚. '99世博会对昆明城市形象的影响研究[J]. 人文地理, 2006, 21(1): 29-33.
[57] 齐莉娜, 张毅, 吴必虎. 重大事件对举办地景区知名度影响测量研究[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 45(6): 1061-1067.
[58] 陈楠, 乔光辉, 冯云飞. 北京居民对重大事件影响的感知及参与合作意识研究——以北京2008年奥运会为例[J]. 兰州学刊, 2008(12): 93-96.
[59] 郭英之, 臧胜男, 彭兰亚. 居民对旅游重大事件感知态度与期望的实证研究——以上海世博会为例[J]. 上海应用技术学院学报, 2009, 9(1): 9-14.
[60] 许春晓, 柴晓敏, 付淑礼. 城市居民对重大事件的感知变化研究——2006杭州世界休闲博览会期间的纵向研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2007, 22(11): 89-94.
[61] 周勇, John Ap. 北京居民对2008奥运会的态度和看法[J]. 旅游学刊, 2008, 23(7): 40-48.
[62] 陈方英. 城市居民对重大事件感知与态度的纵向变化研究——以青岛市举办2008奥帆赛为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2010, 25(10): 77-84.
[63] 罗秋菊. 居民对 2010 年广州亚运会影响的感知变化研究——基于事件举办前视角[J]. 地理科学, 2010, 30(5): 693-701.
[64] 郭英之, 臧胜男, 彭兰亚. 社区居民对2010年上海世博会影响感知的实证研究[J]. 旅游科学, 2009, 23(3): 35-40.
[65] 陆琪, 朱小舟. 奥运会对城市经济的助推作用[J]. 人文地理, 2005, 20(4): 34-36.
[66] 陈浩, 张京祥, 吴启焰, 等. 大事件影响下的城市空间演化特征研究——以昆明为例[J]. 人文地理, 2010, 25(5): 41-46.
[67] 罗秋菊, 庞嘉文, 靳文敏. 基于投入产出模型的大型活动对举办地的经济影响——以广交会为例[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(4): 487-503.
[68] 戴光全, 保继刚. 昆明世博会效应的定量估算: 本底趋势线模型[J]. 地理科学, 2007, 27(3): 426-433.
[69] 杨军. 北京奥运会对中国经济发展的影响[J]. 经济界, 2002(1): 45-48.
[70] 刘亭立, 王诚庆. 重大节事的经济效应实证研究——以北京奥运会的市场反应为切入点[J]. 旅游学刊, 2011, 26(5): 84-80.
[71] 王利鑫, 张元标, 王祥超. 上海世博会对周边城市旅游辐射效应研究[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2011, 27(3): 105-108.
[72] 应丽君. "世博会"——即将引发中国会展业第五次产业波动[J]. 旅游学刊, 2009, 24(2): 9-10.
[73] 杨剑龙. 上海世博会效应与上海的转型及发展[J]. 上海师范大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2011, 40(1): 117-126.
[74] 白澎, 陈羽. 2010年世博会对上海现代服务业的影响——基于历届世博会的经验[J]. 上海经济研究, 2010(6): 105-114.
[75] 王颖. 上海世博会对长三角地区现代服务业集群的影响研究[J]. 上海经济研究, 2008(5): 39-42.
[76] 梁留科, 孙淑英, 刘英. 2008’北京奥运效应及其旅游影响分析[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 社会科学版, 2005, 5(2): 82-86.
[77] 屠高平, 梁留科, 韦东. 北京奥运旅游的排挤效应及河南旅游发展对策研究[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2006(1): 42-48.
[78] 熊国钺, 熊彤, 林吉宏, 等. 后事件经济低谷效应的影响、 预防及对策研究: 以世博会为例[J]. 金融与经济, 2011(6): 45-47.
[79] 苏亮. 基于成本-效益分析的奥运经济影响预测研究. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2005.
[80] 保继刚, 项怡娴, 吴永莹. 北京奥运会对非举办地入境旅游的影响——以桂林阳朔为例[J]. 人文地理, 2009, 24(2): 1-64.
[81] 刘亭立, 蒋涛. 基于资本市场的奥运经济效应实证分析[J]. 商业时代, 2010(34): 74-75.
[82] 孙九霞, 陈冬婕. 事件重构文化符号的人类学解读——以"西关小姐"评选活动为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2009, 24(11): 57-643.
[83] 余青, 吴必虎, 廉华, 等. 中国节事活动开发与管理研究综述[J]. 人文地理, 2005, 20(6): 56-59.
[84] 郑辽吉, 刘慧清. 城市节事可持续发展的体验视角——以辽宁省节事活动为例[J]. 甘肃社会科学, 2007(4): 246-248.
[85] 张艳. 2008年北京奥运会与我国非主办城市的互动和影响——以上海、 秦皇岛、 大连、 青岛、 桂林为例. 桂林: 广西师范大学, 2007.
[86] 宗晓莲, 戴光全. 节事旅游活动的文化表达及其旅游影响——国际东巴文化艺术节的旅游人类学解读[J]. 思想战线, 2005, 31(2): 134-140.
[87] 范丽琴. 初探"城市重大事件"的概念和影响[J]. 科技信息: 科学教研, 2007(21): 4-5.
[88] 冯磊. 后奥运旅游效应及应对策略探索[J]. 时代经贸, 2008, 7(6): 90.
[89] 熊艳芳. 奥运会对举办城市的负面影响[J]. 体育文化导刊, 2008, (2): 64-646.
[90] 吴国清. 大型节事对城市旅游空间发展的影响机理[J]. 人文地理, 2010, 25(5): 137-141.
[91] 于海波, 吴必虎, 卿前龙. 重大事件对旅游目的地影响研究——以奥运会对北京的影响为例[J]. 中国园林, 2008(11): 22-25.
[92] 王彩萍, 徐红罡. 重大事件对中国旅游企业市场绩效的影响: 以2008年为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2009, 24 (7): 58-645.
[93] 武佳文, 马天龙. 论重大事件对目的地旅游影响及对策——以济南举办第十一届全运会为例[J]. 山东省青年管理学院学报, 2009, 9(5): 79-82.
[94] 陈浩, 陆林. 北京奥运会与上海世博会旅游业效应及对比分析[J]. 经济地理, 2003, 23(6): 844-848.
[95] 吴国清, 杨国玺, 高娜. 基于世博会的城市旅游空间结构重构与优化[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2011, 30(1): 79-83.
[96] Baggio R, Scott N, Arcodia C. Collaboration in the events literature: A co-authorship network study . www.iby.it/turismo/papers/baggio-euto2008.
[97] Daniels M J. Beyond input-output analysis: Using occupation based modeling to estimate wages generated by a sport tourism event [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2004, 43(1): 75-82.
[98] Dwyer L, Forsyth P, Spurr R. Estimating the impacts of special events on an economy [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2005, 43(4): 351-359.
[99] 王春雷. 国外重大活动经济影响研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2008, 23(4): 88-96.
[100] 程进, 陆林, 晋秀龙, 等. 山地旅游研究进展与启示[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(1): 162-176.