论文选取分布于黑河下游段额济纳东河、 西河沿岸具有代表性的6眼长期观测井,根据其地下水位旬观测数据(1990—2009年),应用统计特征分析以及Mann-Kendall和Mann-Whitney趋势检验法分析黑河下游地下水位动态变化特征。研究发现:1990—2009年期间,东、 西河地下水位平均埋深存在上中部浅、 下部深的空间分布特征;下部地下水位埋深呈显著增加、 上中部呈非显著性减少态势。各井地下水位埋深在2000年后不同年份出现了变化趋势转折。分析表明:2000年实施的生态输水是研究区地下水位得以逐渐恢复的根本原因,但输水量不足、 抽取地下水灌溉是导致下部地下水持续下降的主要原因。研究结果可为黑河下游生态输水的效果评估和输水管理工作提供参考。
In order to research the changing characteristics of groundwater level depth in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, we selected six monitoring wells along the Donghe River and the Xihe River, used statistical method combining with Mann-Kendall and Mann-Whitney trend test methods to analyze the groundwater level depth data, observed three times per month (from 1990 to 2009) in Ejina in this paper. We found that the mean groundwater level depth is lower in the upper and the middle parts of the two rivers during this time. The groundwater level depth had been increased obviously in the lower part, while it declined not obviously in the upper and middle parts. All the groundwater dynamics of monitoring well changed after 2000, but happened in different years. The main conclusions are as follows: environmental flow controls project put into effect in 2000 is the basic reason for lifting groundwater level, but shortage in water conveyance quantity and water pumping for irrigation in the middle and lower reaches in the area led to constant decrease of groundwater level. What we find is important for assessment and management of environmental flow controls project, furthermore, the conclusions can also guide further research on the groundwater restoration and ecological rehabilitation.
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