运用地形位指数和分布指数,借助遥感和地理信息系统技术,对贵州省六盘水市区1990—2010年间土地利用变化空间特征进行定量分析。结果表明:①20 a间土地利用空间分布结构发生了一定的改变,建设用地在低地形位的优势性增强且有向高地形位扩展的趋势,水田的优势分布范围缩小,但在低地形位优势增强,建设用地、 水田在低地形位的优势增强导致旱地、 灌木林地优势分布区间上移并收缩;②研究时段内工作区土地利用变化的空间分布未出现明显的分化,各类型相间分布,未形成明显的以建设用地为中心的带状分布格局;③1990年研究区各土地利用类型在地形位梯度上的分布已经分异成高、 中、 低三段式格局且20 a间未发生明显改变,各土地利用类型的地形适应弹性已经被拉大。
Based on the following remote sensing satellite images: TM images obtained in 1990, ETM images in 2000 and CBERS 02B images in 2010, with the terrain niche index and distribution index, using human-computer interactive interpretation and the spatial overlay analyst of Geographical Information System, the land use variation data of Liupanshui Prefecture in Guizhou Province from 1990 to 2010 was obtained and its spatial distribution characteristics were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The spatial distribution of various land use types changed definitely during the two decades: the superiority of construction land in lower terrains increased and it had a trend of extending to higher terrains; the superior distribution range of paddy fields decreased to sections 1－7 from setions 1－9 but its superiority in low terrains increased; as a result of the increase of the superiority of construction land and paddy fields in low terrains, the superior distribution region of dry crop land and shrub land diminished and shifted up one or two sections. 2) During the 20 years, the whole spatial distribution pattern of land use in the study area did not change obviously, the terrain niche index curve still kept its three-section model; various land use types distributed alternatively, the obvious concentric ring and zonal distribution pattern centered on construction land was not formed. 3) Because of the particular geological environments in the study area and the contradiction relationship between human and land, the terrain suitability elastic of land use types partly intervened by human beings was stretched, which made the spatial distribution of some land use types such as dry crop land and construction land violated its natural quality, they appeared in higher terrain sections and had the trend of shifting up to higher sections.
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