根据水资源生态足迹的基本原理和计算模型,对四川省2001—2009年水资源生态足迹、生态承载力进行分析。结果表明,在2001—2009年间四川省人均水资源生态足迹总体上呈上升趋势,万元GDP生态足迹呈下降趋势,水资源利用率在逐步提高;干旱灾害对水资源生态承载力影响较大,四川省历年水资源生态承载力均大于生态足迹,存在一定的生态盈余,水资源可持续开发利用情况较好。四川省水资源存在严重分布不均的现象,经济较为落后,对水资源需求量较小的西部高原地区水资源丰富,水资源生态盈余较大;经济较为发达,对水资源的需求量大的东部盆地地区水资源量小,生态盈余较低,在绵阳、遂宁、内江、自贡等地出现生态赤字,水资源利用呈现不安全状态。水资源生态足迹的变化与社会经济发展密切相关,应该充分考虑四川省水资源的时空分布情况,调整产业结构,合理调度、利用水资源,促进四川省整个社会经济的持续发展。
According to the basic principle and calculation model of water resources ecological footprint, the water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in the years from 2001 to 2009 in Sichuan Province were analyzed. The results showed that the water resources ecological footprint per capita of Sichuan Province increased in the past nine years, while the water resources ecological footprint per 104 yuan GDP in Sichuan Province continued to decrease. This indicated that the utilization of water resources in Sichuan Province gradually increased in the past years. On the other hand, water resources ecological carrying capacity was impacted by drought, however, the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Sichuan Province was more than the ecological footprint, the ecological surplus was existed. That is to say that the sustainable utilization of water resources in Sichuan Province was well. But the water resources in Sichuan were unevenly distributed. The economically backward western Sichuan where water resources are less demanded was rich in water resources and had large ecological surplus. On the contrary, the economically more developed eastern Sichuan where water resources are highly demanded was short in water resources and had small ecological surplus. Even in the cities of Mianyang, Suining, Neijiang and Zigong the ecological deficit appeared, showing a state of insecurity on utilization of water resources. The changes of ecological footprint of water resources were closely related to socio-economic development; it should fully considered the spatial-temporal distribution of water resources in Sichuan Province, adjusting the industrial structure, rational ma-nagement and use of water resources, promoted the sustainable development of the overall socio-economy of Sichuan Province.
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