流域水循环过程是水资源合理配置对象依存和演化的基础。针对内陆河流域水资源多次转化多次利用的特点,建立以水资源转化过程为基础的流域水资源优化配置模型。按水力联系将内陆河流域系统分为独立的子系统。按水资源转化特点和用水格局将各独立水系统分渠灌区、井灌区和渠井混灌区三个一级计算单元,每个一级计算单元由若干灌区(二级计算单元)组成。运用水均衡模型和BP人工神经网络模型模拟一级计算单元间的水资源转化过程,分别模拟井灌区和渠井混灌区的来水量。建立一级计算单元和二级计算单元两层水资源优化模型,分别以灌溉用水效益最大和公平用水为配置目标。将一级计算单元的优化模型耦合到水资源转化模拟模型中。凉州区配置水量10.68×108 m3,金川区为2.63×108 m3,流域农业灌溉用水16.64×108 m3,占总毛用水量的75％,相比现状有大幅下降。分别采用模拟寻优和遗传算法求解两层优化模型,将水量分配到灌区,进而分配到行政区,实现水资源的流域配置和行政区配置的统一,便于水资源统一管理。
Process of hydrological cycle is the basis of water resources reasonable allocation. With the characteristic of multi-time transformation and the pattern of the reutilization of water resources in the inland river basin, this paper attempts to establish an optimal allocation model based on the simulation of water resources transformation. The inland river basin is divided into three independent subsystems according to hydraulic connection. An independent subsystem is divided into three primary calculation units of canal irrigation district, well irrigation district and mixed canal and well irrigation district according to the characteristic of water resources transformation and pattern of water utilization. A primary calculation unit includes several irrigation districts (secondary calculated units). Two models of water balance and BP artificial neural network were established to simulate inflow of well irrigation district and mixed canal and well irrigation district respectively. Two-layer optimal models of primary and secondary were established to allocate water resources between primary and secondary calculation units respectively, with the objectives of maximum irrigation benefit and equity respectively. The optimal results of water resources allocation were obtained by the solution of simulation optimizing and genetic algorithms through combining the two simulation models. And the water resources of irrigation district and administrative district were allocated with Liangzhou 10.68×108m3 and Jinchuan 2.63×108m3, irrigation water is 16.61×108m3 which is 75% of the whole basin water and reduced greatly when compared with present water use. The unity of allocation of basin and administrative district will be realized.
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