采用农业节水技术已成为很多国家缓解农业用水压力的重要途径之一;近年来我国政府也加大了对农业节水技术的投资力度。由于缺乏对农业节水技术采用影响因素的深入了解,因而在很大程度上阻碍了节水技术的大面积推广。为此,论文采用3 a面板数据对我国黄河和海河流域农业节水技术采用的现状、发展趋势及影响因素开展了定量实证分析。研究结果表明,尽管农业节水技术采用的空间分布较广且扩散很快,但是以播种面积测量的采用程度却很低。资金需求少和一家一户易于采用的传统型和农户型节水技术的采用程度相对较高,而资金需求大且需要集体行动的社区型节水技术的采用程度很低且发展缓慢。政府的政策支持和水资源的短缺程度也是影响农业节水技术采用的两个重要因素。如果政府希望推动农业节水技术的采用,节水技术的推广政策和示范村的建立都是十分有效的政策工具。

Adopting agricultural water saving technologies has been considered as one of the important approaches to reduce the pressure of agricultural water use. In recent years, Chinese government has increased investment in agricultural water saving technologies. Due to lack of understanding on the adoption determinants, the adoption of water saving technologies have been substantially constrained. The overall goal of this paper is to sketch a picture of current status and past trends of agricultural water saving technologies in the Yellow and Haihe river basins, as well as to analyze the determinants of adoption. This paper conducts an empirical analysis by applying three year's panel data from field surveys in the Yellow and Haihe river basins. The results show that water-saving technologies are distributed widely and spread quickly but the depth of adoption in terms of sown area is low. The adoptions of traditional and household-based technologies are higher and have developed quickly due to their low capital requirement and easy adoption by individual household; while for the community-based technologies characterized by higher requirement for capital and collective actions, its adoption rate is low and its development is not so quick. In addition, policy support from government and water scarcity are two key factors affecting the adoption of agricultural water saving technologies. Therefore, if government wants to push the adoption of agricultural water saving technologies, technology extension polices and demonstration villages can be two important tools.