耕地土壤养分精确化管理分区是区域农田利用保护、实施变量施肥的重要手段。论文以山东省广饶县丁庄镇为研究区,采用叠置法划分分区单元,系统聚类分析和主成分分析综合筛选分区指标,模糊隶属度与层次分析法确定指标权重,K-均值聚类算法确定养分管理分区的数目,提出了乡镇级耕地土壤养分管理分区方法与模型。将丁庄镇耕地分为3个养分管理区,继而运用目标产量配方法确定不同分区不同季节大田作物的施肥量和肥料配方。研究发现:不同季节大田作物的养分需求量差别明显,秋粮作物比夏粮作物氮肥需求大,磷肥需求少,钾肥基本持平;同一作物不同管理区养分需求量由管理一区向管理三区依次递增;各养分管理区肥料配方主要表现为钾肥比例的差异。该研究提出了耕地分散与较粗放经营状况下的养分精确化管理与施肥技术方法,对区域土壤养分与施肥管理有积极参考价值。
Cultivated land soil nutrients precision management zoning is a significant measurement to properly protect and utilize farmland and implement variable fertilization. This study took Dingzhuang Town in Guangrao County of Shandong Province as a case, overlay method between soil map and land use map was adopted to produce zoning units, the zoning factors were chosen synthetically by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and principal component analysis, the weight of indicators were determined by degree of membership method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the amounts of management zoning were decided by K-Means Cluster Analysis. Using the method mentioned above, the model of cultivated land soil nutrients management zoning at town scale was built. The cultivated land in Dingzhuang Town was divided into three different management zones. On this basis, the prescription fertilization in different zones and for different field crops were calculated by the objective yield model. The result showed that the fertilizer amount needed for different field crops varied greatly. Compared with summer crops, autumn crops need more nitrogen fertilizer, less phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer flat; the fertilizer amount needed for different management zones differed also greatly, gradually increased from the first zone to the third zone; the prescription fertilization in different management zones was characterized by the variances of potash fertilizer ratio, the proportion of N, P and K for summer crops was about 1 ∶0.38 ∶0.68－0.71, for autumn crops, 1 ∶0.33 ∶0.66－0.68. The study proposes the method of cultivated land soil nutrient precision management that is compatible with the dispersed and extensive management in our country, which has a positive reference value to soil nutrient and fertilizing management in small regions.
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