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2011 , Vol. 26 >Issue 2: 344 - 352

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.02.018

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基于农户生计演化的山地生态恢复研究综述

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  • 1. 福建师范大学 地理科学学院,福州 350007;
    2. 湿润亚热带生态-地理过程省部共建教育部重点实验室,福州 350007
王成超(1979- ),男,山东临沂人,讲师,在读博士生,主要从事生态恢复以及生态脆弱区可持续发展研究。E-mail: wchc79@163.com

收稿日期: 2010-04-08

  修回日期: 2010-09-21

  网络出版日期: 2011-02-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(40901298);福建省教育厅基金(JA09058)。

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Review of Research on Mountainous Ecological Restoration Based on Farmer Household Livelihood Evolution

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  • 1. School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, China

Received date: 2010-04-08

  Revised date: 2010-09-21

  Online published: 2011-02-20

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摘要

农户生计演化对山地生态系统恢复的影响是恢复生态学和乡村地理学关注的焦点。针对该学术背景,论文对国内外相关研究进行了总结,系统梳理了农户生计变化的内涵、驱动因素及其对山地生态系统恢复的影响;得出农户生计变化与山地生态系统演化是紧密相关的,农户生计状况最终决定着山地生态系统的特征,农户生计的改善往往驱动着山地生态系统的正向演替。最后,针对当前的研究和实践现状,建议进一步加强对农户生计和生态恢复相互关系的研究;针对当前的新农村建设和环境保护项目,要深入探究其对农户生计乃至山地生态系统恢复的影响;并建议优化中国地方官员考核标准,增强各级部门对农户生计以及环境保护的重视。

关键词： 生态恢复; 农户生计; 山地

本文引用格式

王成超, 杨玉盛 . 基于农户生计演化的山地生态恢复研究综述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011 , 26(2) : 344 -352 . DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.02.018

Abstract

With the acceleration of industria1ization and urbanization, there is a phenomenon of farmer household livelihood evolution in the vast rural areas. Therefore, farmer household livelihood evolution reflects the change of rural economy to a certain extent. Pushed by marginal rural economies and pulled by employment opportunities, the rural poor seek new livelihoods in local communities, external cities and foreign labor markets. Then the farmer household livelihood experiences a variety of changes. According to international related reports, the livelihood evolution can affect the mountainous ecological restoration by changing the farmer households’ land use activity. In terms of its natural function and task, research on mountainous ecological restoration based on farmer household livelihood evolution becomes the focus of restoration ecology and rural geography. Based on Chinese and international related research, the connotation of farmer household livelihood evolution, driving forces and mechanism were reviewed. It was put forward that livelihood diversification and livelihood substitution were different forms of livelihood evolution, and mountainous ecological restoration was closely related to farmer household livelihood evolution. It was also recognized that the active household livelihood evolution promoted the upland ecological restoration through decreasing the human disturbance. For example, the evident decrease of deforestation, degradation and mountainous woodland recovery, resulted from the marginal land abandonment, the transition of farmer cooking energy from firewood to coal, are widespread in some developing countries recently. Finally, it was proposed that the relation between farmer household livelihood evolution and mountainous ecological restoration, the influence of a series of governments’ programs on farmer household livelihoods and rural ecosystem, should be promoted for further study. It was also suggested that Chinese official assessment criteria should be optimized, adding to the weight of household livelihoods and environment, in order to increase the governments’ focus on household livelihood and local environment. Government officials should be rewarded for their long-term livelihood and environmental achievements, not exclusively based on the economic accomplishment in their term of office.

Key words： ecological restoration; farmer household livelihoods; mountainous region

参考文献

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