基于黄河三角洲3期遥感影像,以垦利县为研究区,综合运用RS与GIS技术,通过构建土地盐化指数、土地盐化综合指数、土地变化驱动力重心与向量模型等,对研究区1987—2007年的盐化土地动态及其驱动力进行定量分析。研究结果显示:垦利县的土地盐化程度呈现了重—轻—重的变化趋势,区域内盐化程度由沿海向内陆依次递减;且以黄河为轴线对称分布,黄河沿岸以及地势较高的西南部盐化程度较低。重度盐化土地先减后增;中度持续减少,轻度则是先增后减。海洋和黄河相互作用影响着垦利县的水盐运动,是该区土地盐化动态的内在驱动,而人类活动的影响以土地利用类型转化的形式表现,是土地盐化动态的外在驱动力。研究为区域盐化地治理和农业可持续发展提供了科学依据,对黄河三角洲土地资源的可持续利用有积极的理论和现实意义。
The salinized land in the Yellow River Delta is serious with large area, which restricts the sustainable development of regional agriculture. In this paper, based on RS and GIS technology, selecting three Landsat TM multi-spectral images of Kenli County in the Yellow River Delta, an index model and a comprehensive index model of land salinization, barycenter and vector model of land-change driving forces were established. Land salinization information, its dynamic changes and driving forces from 1987 to 2007 were analyzed in the study area. The results showed that the comprehensive index of land salinization in Kenli County was 24.10, 26.38 and 24.87 in 1987, 1998 and 2007 respectively, presenting a heavy-light-heavy trend. The salinization degree was decreased progressively from coastal areas to inland, and it was also distributed symmetrically taking the Yellow River as the axis. The longshore of the Yellow River and the southwest area were less salinized. From 1987 to 1998 the annual growth rate in area of severe, moderate and mild salinized land was -0.24%, -1.75% and 1.23%, respectively, while that was 0.47%, -0.60% and -0.79% from 1998 to 2007, which showed that the area of severe salinized land decreased first and then increased, while the area of mild salinized land increased first and then decreased, and the area of moderate salinized land decreased persistently. The mutual action of the ocean and the Yellow River affected the water-salt movement, which was the internal driving factors of land salinization dynamic changes, and the effects of human activities expressed by conversion of land use types were the external driving forces. This study provided a scientific basis for regional saline control and sustainable agricultural development, and it had a positive theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable utilization of land resources in the Yellow River Delta.
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