论文以四川省为例,借用分形理论中的网格维测算方法分析旅游景区(点)系统的空间分形特征,用位序-规模双对数拟合方法研究旅游流的规模分布规律,得到以下结论:①旅游景区(点)系统分形是演化的分形,分形结构是逐步进化而来的。1980年以前,四川省旅游景区(点)的空间分布尚未发育分形结构,直至1990年,分形结构才逐渐形成;②旅游景区(点)空间分布的分形发育与旅游流流量规模分布的分形演化在总体趋势上是一致的,但具体过程有不同步性;③旅游景区(点)空间分布的分形发育为旅游业发展提供了良好的载体平台,但并不意味着旅游流的规模分布就一定会发育成理想的分形结构,还需要对相关要素进行调控,才能使旅游流的规模分布也具有分形特征。

By borrowing Mandelbrot's fractal theory,Chen Yanguang and Liu Jisheng introduced a new method,grid dimension measures,to study urban system fractal property.Using this method,this paper carried out a case study of Sichuan province by substituting the urban sites by tourism scenic spots,and got the capacity and information fitting equation of non-scaling section in the periods of before 1980,1981-1990,1991-2000,and 1990 and 2006.On this basis,it analyzed the spatial fractal property and its varying laws in different periods,then checked it by the size-structure pattern variation of tourist flow,and finally made the following conclusions. The fractal structure is formed during gradual evolution.In Sichuan province,the capacity and information dimension of non-scaling section of tourism scenic spot system varies little in different periods,but the values increase gradually between 1-2,indicating a more and more balanced distribution of tourism scenic spots in each district.In 1980,the capacity dimension and information entropy graph was partly linear fitting,but the information dimension is bigger than capacity dimension,suggesting a non-developed fractal in this period.After 1990,the fitting line slope was between 1-2 on the ln-ln graph,with the appearance of non-scaling section,and capacity dimension bigger than information dimension,indicating the formation of a fractal structure.Gradual increase of capacity dimension and information dimension reflects the spatial distribution variation of tourism scenic spots—from cumulated to relatively balanced distribution in the province. The fractal development of spatial distribution is generally uniform with the fractal evolution of tourist flow size,but the detailed process is not simultaneous.For example,in Sichuan province,though the size structure of domestic tourist flow satisfies the Zipf laws and possesses fractal features,the spatial distribution of tourist flow size transformed from Pareto pattern before 1999 to logarithmic normal pattern in 2000-2001,then restored as Pareto pattern.The fractal evolution speed of spatial distribution pattern is more rapid than that of fractal development of tourism scenic spot system,and leads to slight difference in their evolutionary process. The fractal development of the spatial distribution of tourism scenic spots provides favorable carrier platform for the development of tourism industry,but this does not indicate that size distribution of tourist flow can undoubtedly satisfy the Zipf laws and form ideal fractal structure.The developing quality of tourism scenic spots,market guide and relative factors need to be regulated and controlled.Thus the fractal development of spatial distribution can be supported by tourist flow system and be endowed more substantive connotation.