含油污泥的成分非常复杂,主要是石油烃、沉积物、重金属和水的复杂混合物,对周围环境和人类健康产生危害,且处理难度大,一直是困扰油田的一大难题。目前所采用的处理方法主要有3种:物理化学处理、生物处理和综合利用。由于生物处理法具有节约能源、投资少、运行费用低等优点,成为最具应用潜力的含油污泥处理方法之一。论文介绍了含油污泥的危害及处理方法,简要分析了目前几种处理方法的特点,综述了4种生物处理技术的研究与应用现状,并探讨了含油污泥生物处理的影响因素。

The component of oil sludge is very complex;it is a problem for oil fields to dispose because oil sludge is a mixture of hydrocarbon,sediment,heavy metal and water which do harm to natural environment and our health.Nowadays,the methods to dispose it mainly include:physical and chemical method,bioremediation and overall utilization.Owing to it's superiority of low costs of energy and fund cost to other methods,bioremediation has become one of the processing methods with great development potential.This article is mainly about the damage of oil sludge,how to dispose it,the characteristics of all kinds of methods,the affecting factor,mainly,the four kinds of bioremediation with their status quo in research and application.