在综合分析国内外评估判断生态状况的理论和方法的基础上,提出适合我国国情的定量化的科学评估生态状况的方法——生态综合指数法。生态综合指数可用于对我国生态治理与生态破坏处于何种阶段进行量化的、内在的和综合的判断。结合我国生态建设的现状,从层次性、系统性、现实性、重要性4个方面综合考虑,对生态综合指数的指标进行了合理的选取,包括森林、荒漠、水土流失、生物多样性、湿地、草原、农田、城市生态状况等8项指标。生态综合指数的计算方法,分总指标公式、第一层次指标公式和第二层次指标公式3部分,从数学分析方法上属于层次分析法(AHP),各级指标层次分明,重点突出。将生态综合指数E(CI)分为3个区域:ECI<1,ECI=1(±0.05),ECI>1。经计算,我国生态综合指数为1.02,处于生态综合指数=1(±0.05)区域,据此判断,我国目前处于生态治理与生态破坏的相持阶段,国家必须继续进行大规模的生态建设,以促进生态系统向良性阶段递进。应用生态综合指数对我国生态状况进行综合判断,对于我国生态建设的理论和实践都具有重要意义。

Through analysis on the theory and method which are used in evaluating the ecological status at home and broad synthetically,the quantitative method-Ecological Comprehensive Index(ECI)-for evaluating the ecological status according to China's actual conditions is put forward.The method can be used to judge quantitatively and comprehensively in which stage China's ecological restoration and destruction is.Combining the actual condition of Chinese ecological restoration,this paper built an indicator system for ECI considering the hierarchy,systematicness,realism and importance.The indicators of ECI include eight aspects:the status of forest,desert,soil erosion,biodiversity,wetland,grassland,cropland and urban ecological conditions.The calculation of ECI is divided into general index formula,first level index formula and second level index formula,which belongs to the Analytic Hierarchy Process method with well arranged hierarchy and giving prominence to the key points.The ECI has three domains of ECI<1,ECI=1(±0.05),and ECI>1.Through calculating,the ECI of China is 1.02,which is in the domain of ECI=1(±0.05),and the ecological status in ecological restoration and destruction is at a stalemate.Therefore,China must carry on large-scale ecological restoration to benign development of system.The application of ECI to the judgement of the ecological status of China is of great significance in guiding the country's ecological restoration in theory and practice.