以西北干旱区的新疆玛纳斯河流域为例熏针对区域自然地理和土地利用特点,利用地理信息系统的空间分析技术,根据土壤水分平衡原理熏考虑研究区内降雨、径流、地下水以及灌溉等影响因子,建立土壤水分补给模型来推算土壤补给量的空间分布;分析了近40年来穴1961—2000年雪该流域土壤水分补给量的时空变化规律。结果表明:流域内的土壤水分补给量与降雨量变化趋势一致,夏季最高,冬季最低;流域内的土壤水分补给总体上较少但也存在空间差异,其中在绿洲区最高,在山地区略高于荒漠区。

Based on the soil water balance principle,this paper uses GRID data structure in the Geographical Information System(GIS)and its spatial analysis to establish a distributed hydrolo-gical model by selecting Manasi River basin in Xinjiang as a study area.Four significant factors influencing soil water replenishment,specifically precipitation,runoff,irrigation and groundwater were introduced in the model according to geographical characteristics of the study area.With this model,the temporal and spatial distributions of soil water replenishment from 1961 to 2000 were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)soil water replenishment is the greatest in June to August and the least in February in a year;(2)it varies with the precipitation in the last 40 years and reached two apexes in the 1960s and 1980s;(3)it was the greatest in oasis and the least in desert which was a bit less than in the mountain areas;and(4)the contribution of precipitation to soil water replenishment is always around 50% regardless of in wet or dry seasons.The contribution of irrigation was 36% and 0 in the two scenarios,while that of runoff remains at a low level all the time.