陕西省渭河流域地处我国西北干旱半干旱区,水资源开发利用与生态环境矛盾十分突出,生态环境需水量往往被国民经济需水量挤占,由此引发了一系列生态环境问题。因此,开展生态环境需水量研究,不仅已成为流域生态环境建设的紧迫要求,而且是实现流域水资源可持续利用的重要一环。论文立足于流域社会经济可持续发展,以实现生态环境良性发展为目标,探讨了生态环境需水量的定义,提出了生态环境需水量的“外部优先级”和“内部优先级”思想,首次系统地分析了陕西省渭河流域生态环境需水量的界定范围。在此基础上,从流域生态环境现状及未来需求出发,建立了流域生态环境需水量计算模型,分别计算了流域2000年、2010年、2020年的生态环境需水量。研究成果,丰富了生态环境需水量的理论研究,可为流域生态环境建设和水资源合理利用提供科学的决策依据。

Weihe River Basin of Shaanxi province is not only one of the maj or birthplaces of the Chine-se nation,the core region of socio-economic develop ment of Shaanxi Province,but also one of the important regions of western de velopment.However,as Weihe River Basin is located in semi-arid land,there ar e many characteristics of nature,such as heterogeneity of temporal and spatial distribution of water resources,higher frequency of natural hazard,etc.In rec ent years,with rapid economic development and sharp expansion of population, contradiction between water resources utilization and eco-environmental protect ion has led to some eco-environmental problems such as the shortening of runo ff courses of many rivers,deteriorating river water quality,etc.In this paper ,the authors,from the point of view of realizing sustainable socio-economic development in Weihe River Basin,aiming at sustainable development of eco-en vironment,thematically analyze the major contents and critical threshold of eco-environmental water demand,discuss outside and inside priorities of eco-envi ronmental water demand and for the first time systematically point out study contents of eco-environmental water demand of Weihe River Basin of Shaanxi Prov ince,including eco-environmental water demand of natural water environment,ve getation construction,river system,urban green land,groundwater resumption,u rban lake sight,reservoir surface,and wetland.Based on the above analysis,th e calculation methods of eco-environmental water demand are given to calculate eco-environmental water demand of Weihe River Basin of Shaanxi Province in20 00,2010and2020.The research not only enriches the theory of eco-env ironmental water demand,but also provides a scientific basis for eco-environm ental construction and water resources exploitation and utilization.