论文提出一个基于水量平衡的流域生态耗水量的计算方法。以海河流域为例,利用流域多年年降雨、入海水量、引黄水量、地下水超采水量、工业用水量、农业用水量、生活用水量、工业废污水排放量和生活污水排放量等资料,得出1956～1998年流域生态耗水量的多年变化。计算结果显示,虽然流域在1956～1998年的43年间环境发生明显变化,然而流域生态耗水总量没有呈明显的上升或下降趋势。最后通过对比研究,给出了论文提出的算法与基于当地水资源的算法结果的物理解释。

A new method based on water balance equation is proposed to calculate ecological water consumption.It is based on the data of precipitation instead of local water resources,which makes the method unique to other traditional methods.By using this new approach,based on the data of precipitation,river water flow to sea,water diverted from the Yellow River,groundwater overexploitation,industrial water use,agricultural water use,domestic water use,industry wastewater drainage and domestic wastewater discharge,the ecological water consumption from 1954 to 1998 is calculated for the Haihe River basin.It is interesting to see that although the catchment had incurred the tremendous environmental changes since the 1970s,the total ecological water consumption did not show obvious trend of increasing or decreasing.This is in agreement with the documented conclusion that the change of canopy transpiration may be compensated by the change of soil evaporation,resulting in the unchanged trend of total evapotranspiration.Comparative study shows that the ecological water consumption defined in this paper is a generic ecological water consumption including soil evaporation,vegetation evapotranspiration and so on.Due to the great buffer of the nature,it is not sensitive to separated environmental changes one by one. On the other hand,the ecological water consumption calculated by local water resources has a narrower meaning,representing only those part of water consumed from water resources in order to realize ecological function.