在地质、地貌、气象、水文、化学和生物等各种内外营力长期相互作用下形成的湖泊资源,是自然资源的一种类型,在国民经济可持续发展中发挥着重要的经济、环境和社会效益。同时,湖泊自身系统结构是通过赋存其中的各种资源而显现的,并存在着内在的有机联系,也就由此而衍生出湖泊具有多种功能。因此,湖泊的资源是其功能的载体,资源具有直观性,而功能则具有抽象性,往往容易被忽略,这也是人们认识湖泊是经历资源型到功能型逐步发展过程的原因所在。人类是自然之骄子,具有择水而居的习性,对自然的认识是从对自然资源的依赖性和对自然现象充满神秘感开始的。湖泊是国土资源的重要组成部分,并具有强大的生态服务功能和鲜明的特点,在塑就人类文明史方面发挥了重要作用。文章对我国湖泊资源的特征和湖泊资源利用过程中存在的问题,以及湖泊由不同资源类型组成的生态结构所维系的功能进行了初步探讨。

The lake resource that formed under the actions of endogenic and exogenic forces such as geology,landforms,meteorology,hydrology,chemistry and living things is one of the natural resources which plays an important role in the economic,environmental and social benefits of the sustainable development of national economy.The structure of the lake system is revealed by various kinds of resources endowed in it and the inter-relationships derive multiple functions of the lake as well.Therefore,the lake resource which is directly perceived is the carrier of its functions which are often ignored for their abstractness.This is also the reason why people got to know the lakes experiencing a gradual development process from resources-oriented to functions-oriented.Humans are the unusually lucky persons who have the habit of living by water,and begin to know lakes from the dependence for the natural resources and the mysterious feelings to the nature.Lakes are the important component of territorial resources,which have powerful ecological service functions and distinct unique features,and play the important role in the creation of human civilization just as the same as forest,lands,river and sea.In this article the features and problems existing in the use of the lake resources and the functions maintained through ecological structure composing of different types of the lake resources are discussed.