基于DEM的分布式水文模型是数字化时代水文模型发展的主要方向。论文回顾了分布式水文模型30年的发展历史,对国内外分布式水文模型的研究状况做了简要评述。归纳出基于DEM的分布式水文模型的主要特点。在分布式水文模型的构建中,水文单元的划分是一个十分关键的环节,论文重点探讨了3种基于DEM常用的流域离散化方法。在模型结构方面,提出了一个典型的分布式水文模型框架,包括分布式输入模块,单元水文模型和河网汇流模型。在模型参数方面,提出了3种分布式水文模型参数的确定方法。最后,对分布式水文模型存在的几个典型问题进行了分析和讨论

Recent advances in remote sensing,geographic information systems,and computer technology make significant innovation in hydrological simulations.The distributed hydrological model based on DEM has become an attractive tool to studying hydrological processes and evolution laws of water resources under changing environment in a new era of digital information.This paper reviews the development of DEM based on distributed hydrological model and discusses its characteristics.To response the spatial changes of hydrological processes,a watershed must be subdivided in to distributed hydrological model.The three common techniques based on DEM to discretize a watershed are summarized.A basic model structure and the ways to construct model parameters are put forward.A brief comment on the current distributed hydrological model research is given in the conclusion.