分析了１９９８年松嫩流域特大洪水发生与湿地丧失和退化的关系,根据湿地所具有的多种功能和效益,提出了松嫩流域水资源管理和防洪体系建设对策。近半个世纪以来,由于人口增长,人水争地,松嫩流域内湿地丧失达７０％,湿地质量也发生明显的退化,使本区湿地具有的抵御洪水、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、控制污染、生物多样性保护等方面功能逐渐降低,生态环境趋于恶化。必须从全流域、大系统的角度出发,全面分析上、中、下游的自然、社会、经济条件与湿地的地位,统筹规划,分步实施,封山育林,保持水土,圈地分洪,保护湿地,加固堤防,疏浚河道,整治环境,合理开发,将区域的社会、经济发展建立在可持续的环境基础上。

This paper analyses the relationship between the catastrophic flood occurred in 1998 and loss of wetlands and degeneration of wetland function in Songnen (Songhuajiang Nenjiang) drainage basin. It also raises relevant strategic policies concerning water resources management and flood control system construction according to the multi functions and benefit of wetlands in the basin. During the past 50 years, about 70% of the wetlands have been lost in this area, and wetland quality has been dropped obviously duo to population growth and competition for land between people and water. This has led to decrease of wetland functions on flood control, runoff pollution control and biodiversity conservation, as well as to eco environmental deterioration. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis, from the point of view of entire drainage basin and macro system, the natural, social and economic conditions and role of wetlands in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the rivers, and to achieve regional social and economic development on the basis of sustainable environment by taking the following measures such as overall planning, implementation step by step, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, soil and water conservation, land enclose to divert flood, wetland protection, re enforcement of dikes, channel dredging, environmental ma nagement, and rational exploitation.