经1984—1986年的研究,在掌握三峡库区鸟类资源现状及特点的基础上对国内已建水库鸟类的变动情况进行考察,了解影响鸟类的各种因素,研究这些生态因子对鸟类群落的影响,采用统计学方法量化三峡工程对鸟类资源的影响程度,作出定性、定量的预断评价。 研究结果表明,兴建三峡水库必将引起适应原有生态环境的鸟类群落在组成、生态分布等方面的变化,一方面使珍稀鸟类、经济鸟类受到破坏,使已趋贫乏的森林鸟类更加贫乏;另一方面水禽资源将会增长。但总的影响是弊大于利。建坝150m和180m对不同群落的影响各异。高坝对森林和农田鸟类不利影响值均大于低坝30％;对水域鸟类的有利影响值,高坝为低坝的两倍。

From 1984 to 1986, based on the knowledge of the present condition and characteristics of avian resources in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, we investigated the change of the avian distribution and community composition in other areas where dams had been built. After studying and analysing quantiatively every factor of the impact of the Three-Gorge Project on the avian community and species by means of biometrics, we give a quantitative and qualitative evaluation.The results indicate that the construction of the Three-Gorge Reservoir will change the avian community composition and bird species distribution in this region. On one hand, the numbers of rare and economic birds, especially the forest birds, which have already become scare in the past ten years, will decrease seriously. On the other hand, the numbers of water birds will increase. In a word, in building the dam, the disadvantages derived from it far outweigh the advantages it brings about.The impacts af a higher dam (180m) and a lower one (150m) on avian community are different. The impact value of a higher dam to the forest and field birds is 30 per cent larger than that of a lower dam, and the impact value of a higher dam to the acuatic birds is two times that of a lower dam.