论文建立了一个适用于区域性风能资源评估的数值模式系统,该系统由中尺度气象模式MM5和微尺度模块Calmet以及风能资源参数计算模块组成。运用该模式系统分别对代表我国沿海风能丰富区的江苏省沿海地区和复杂地形条件下的北部风能丰富区的甘肃省酒泉地区的风能资源进行1 km×1 km高分辨率的逐时模拟,并通过与模拟范围内测风塔观测资料的对比检验该模式系统对我国不同地形条件下的风能资源评估能力。对比结果表明该模式系统可以很好地模拟出这两个地区的风能资源分布情形,不仅各测风塔处的年平均风速模拟值与实测值较为接近,风向频率和风功率密度方向频率也与观测值较为吻合。总体来看,该模式系统对甘肃省酒泉地区的模拟值与实测值的对比结果要优于江苏省沿海地区的对比结果。因此,该模式系统可以用来对我国不同地形条件下的风能资源进行高分辨率的评估。同时通过分析这两个地区70 m高度处的年平均风速、年平均风功率密度、年有效小时数、年发电量的水平分布结果发现,江苏省沿海地区海面上风能资源比陆上沿岸区域丰富,且风能资源沿海岸线往南逐步增加;甘肃省酒泉地区中部的盆地区域由于受南北高山形成狭管效应的作用,风能资源非常丰富。
A numerical model system is built which is suitable for regional wind energy resource assessment and is composed by mesoscale meteorological model MM5, microscale module Calmet and calculation module of wind energy resource parameter. By using the model system, wind energy resource of littoral area in Jiangsu Province and Jiuquan area in Gansu Province are numerically simulated hour by hour with a fine resolution of 1 km×1 km. Littoral area in Jiangsu Province stands for Chinese littoral enrichment area of wind energy resource, and Jiuquan area in Gansu Province stands for north enrichment area in the condition of complex terrain. The model system is evaluated by comparisons between observational datum of wind mast in simulation area and simulation datum. The comparisons indicate that the wind energy resource distribution of the two areas is well simulated by the model system, and the simulation results of the annual average wind speed, the direction frequency of wind and wind power agree well with the observational datum. The comparisons between simulation results and observations of Jiuquan area in Gansu Province are better than that of littoral area in Jiangsu Province. Hence, the wind energy resource assessment under different terrain conditions is well numerically simulated by the model system. And the following results are indicated by the analysis of annual average wind speed and wind power, annual effective hour, and annual energy production: the wind energy resource of off-shore in Jiangsu Province is richer than that of on-shore, and it is richer from north to south; the wind energy resource of the central basin area in Jiuquan area is very rich as where is in the area of south-north facing high mountains.
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