文章以石油探明储量为考量指标,以1980—2009年为研究时段,分析世界石油资源空间分布格局及其演化特征。根据1980—2009年间世界石油探明储量的阶段性上升走势,可将其大致划分为5个演化阶段,并选取相应的特征时点;针对各特征时点,依托ArcView GIS的空间分类与可视化功能,考察世界石油资源分布的等级体系、空间组合结构及其演化过程。结果表明:①世界石油资源的空间分布总体上呈多中心的圈层结构,其中波斯湾储油圈层和墨西哥湾—加勒比海储油圈层分别是东、西半球的油极,核心地位不断强化,其他七大区域性储油圈层则呈差别成长态势;②世界石油资源的空间分布总体上呈"东升西落"的演化态势,总体分布格局经历了多元化(1980—1985年)、极化(1986—1990年)、再多元化(1991—1997年)、再极化(1998—2001年)、复又多元化(2002—2009年)的演化过程,形成"北集中、南分散"的分布态势;③西半球石油储量空间逐渐分裂,而东半球中部的储油圈层则逐渐对接形成一个巨型弯月状储量带。

Taking proved oil reserves as indicator, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of global oil resources and its evolution in 1980-2009. According to the staged increase trend of global proved oil reserves during 1980-2009, the evolution process can be divided into five stages, and their characteristic time points could be selected correspondingly; then, the spatial rank distribution pattern and spatial organization of global oil resources at each time point can be discussed based on the function of spatial classification and visualization of ArcView GIS. The results are as follows. 1) The overall spatial distribution pattern of global oil resources can be characterized as irregular multi-centric layer structures, thereinto, Persian Gulf oil region and Mexico Gulf-Caribbean Sea oil regions are the two global oil poles in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres respectively, and their central roles were increasingly strengthened, while the other local oil regions, such as North American continent oil region, Caspian Sea oil region, Eurasia oil region, North Africa oil region, West Africa oil region, North Sea oil region and Java Sea oil region, experience different growth patterns. 2) The evolution of global distribution of oil resources is characterized as rise in the East and fall in the West, and the overall distribution pattern experienced an evolution process of diversification during 1980-1985, centralization during 1986-1990, re-diversification during 1991-1997, re-centralization during 1998-2001, and diversification again during 2002-2009, which eventually results in centralization in the North and diversification in the South. 3) The distribution space of oil resources in Western Hemisphere splited gradually into two layer structures with Venezuela and Canada as their reserve centers respectively, while four oil regions of North Africa, Persian Gulf, Caspian Sea and Eurasia lying through the mid-Eastern Hemisphere have been spatially joining together to form a huge crescent-like oil reserve belt, which could extend southward from Far East in the future.