碳排放效率可以弥补碳排放总量等指标对碳排放作为成本对期望产出作用考虑不足的弱点。研究以土地利用中能源消耗产生的碳排放为基础,基于投入导向的CCR与BCC模型测算土地利用碳排放的总效率、技术效率、规模效率与规模报酬。研究结果表明:30个省份中仅内蒙古、福建、广西、青海土地利用碳排放总效率有效;技术效率与规模效率的效率值及其分布与土地利用特征存在联系,规模效率有效地区分布远小于技术有效;规模效率有效省份与规模报酬不变省份存在不一致,改善土地利用碳排放规模效率需要考虑地区规模报酬所处阶段。因此对26个碳排放非DEA有效省份的土地利用从投入与产出进行低碳优化,并给出投入冗余度与产出不足率。最后针对低碳优化结果,设计包含土地利用能源投入控制以及基于土地资源配置的产出优化的土地利用低碳排放对策,以实现碳排放效率有效。
Carbon emission efficiency is payid more attention to the effect of carbon emission which is considered as cost on desired output, but some indicators, such as total carbon emission and carbon emission per unit land area, neglect this effect. In this paper, the key consideration of carbon emission is the carbon emission brought by energy which is consumed in land use. Based on the input-oriented model of CCR and BCC, the carbon emission efficiency of land use that is composed of the total efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and returns to scale is calculated. The computed results indicate that: 1) the total efficiencies of carbon emission in Inner Mongolia, Fujian, Guangxi and Qinghai were 1.0000, and they were DEA efficient among the 30 provinces(not including Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan due to no data). The total efficiency of carbon emission in Shanghai was 0.0469, and it was the least among the 30 provinces. The total efficiency of carbon emission in the other provinces was from 0.0682 to 0.8965. 2) There was a relationship between the features of land use and the distribution of technical efficiency and scale efficiency, the efficiency value of carbon emission was also affected by the features of land use. The distribution of regions whose scale efficiencies were efficient, was smaller than the distribution of regions whose technical efficiencies were efficient. 3) The provinces whose scale efficiencies were efficient, different from the provinces with constant returns to scale. Therefore, the returns to scale of the provinces should be taken into account if the scale efficiency of carbon emission efficiency of land use is wanted to improve. In order to insure DEA efficiency of carbon emission of land use in all provinces, the inputs optimization and outputs optimization of land use in 26 provinces which are not DEA efficient are designed. The optimization based on the perspective of low carbon also calculates the input redundancy and output shortage. Finally, according to the results of low carbon optimization, measures are taken to make land use low carbon emission. The measures are composed of the energy input control in land use and land output optimization based on optimal allocation of land resource. Carbon emission efficiency of land use can achieve DEA efficiency if these measures are implemented.
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