选择山东省寿光市,通过野外调查和室内分析,利用数理统计软件SPSS,系统分析不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布特征、变异情况及其相关性,研究集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,在不同土地利用方式下,各养分含量分布存在明显规律。有机质均值的分布特征是菜地>水浇地>果园>旱地>盐碱地;全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷和有效锌均值的分布特征是菜地>果园>水浇地>盐碱地>旱地;土壤pH值、交换性镁均值的分布特征为盐碱地>旱地>水浇地>果园>菜地;交换性钙在不同利用方式中的含量为盐碱地>旱地>水浇地>菜地>果园;有效硼为果园>菜地>盐碱地>水浇地>旱地;有效铁为菜地>果园>水浇地>旱地>盐碱地;有效铜和有效锰均为果园>菜地>水浇地>盐碱地>旱地。水浇地、菜地和果园在各养分含量上差异较小,旱地和盐碱地在各养分含量上较为相似。除pH值外,其它12种土壤养分在不同土地利用方式下变异系数均较高,其中以速效磷的变异系数最大。土壤养分中除了交换性镁、有效硼与其它各养分之间的相关性较低外,其它养分之间基本为显著或极显著相关,其中pH值与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著负相关,有机质与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著正相关。
Based on field investigation, laboratory analysis and SPSS software, this paper took Shouguang city of Shandong Province as a case, systematically analyzed the distribution, variation and relevance of soil nutrients to research soil nutrient change under different land use types. The results showed that there was an obvious order in the distribution of soil nutrient content under different land use types: the distribution of organic matter was vegetable land>irrigable land>garden>farmland>saline-alkaline land; the distribution of total-N, available-N, K, P and Zn was vegetable land>garden>irrigable land>saline-alkaline land>farmland; the distribution of pH value and exchangeable-Mg was saline-alkaline land>farmland>irrigable land>garden>vegetable land; the distribution of exchangeable-Ca under different land use types was saline-alkaline land>farmland>irrigable land>vegetable land>garden; the distribution of available-B was garden>vegetable land>saline-alkaline land>irrigable land>farmland; the distribution of available-Fe was vegetable land>garden>irrigable land>farmland>saline-alkaline land; and the distribution of available-Cu and available-Mn was garden>vegetable land>irrigable land>saline-alkaline land>farmland. The variance of nutrient content between irrigable land, vegetable land and garden was comparatively low, and the variance of nutrient content between farmland and saline-alkaline land was similar. Except for pH, the variance coefficients of the other 12 kinds of soil nutrients under different land use types were all comparatively high, of which the highest variance coefficient was for available-P. Except for exchangeable-Mg and B with other nutrients, the relevance among the others was almost significant or marked significant. The relevance between pH value and the other soil nutrients was significant or highly significant negative correlation, while the relevance of organic matter with other nutrients showed significant or highly significant positive correlation.
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