采用罗伦兹曲线、重心模型等GIS技术,利用1980s和2000年两期覆盖全国跨度10多年的土地利用数据,构造耕地指数、耕地变化指数对中国耕地空间分布及其空间变化格局进行分析。主要结论:①中国耕地主要分布在黑、川、蒙、豫、鲁等北部和中部省份,其中苏、粤、冀、鲁、浙等19个省份的耕地有所减少,黑、蒙、吉、新等13个省份的耕地有所增加;②胡焕庸线之东南40%的国土面积分布着全国88%的耕地;西北60%的国土面积分布着全国12%的耕地,中国耕地空间分布可划分为高度稀疏区、低度稀疏区、一般过渡区、低度集聚、高度集聚区等5种类型;③中国耕地变化区域类型可适度划分为高度增长区、中度增长区、低度增长区、基本不变区、低度减少区、中度减少区、高度减少区等7大类型。顾及耕地质量背景下的中国耕地空间分布格局及变化特征等应进一步研究。

As industrialization and urbanization accelerates, the contradiction between limited cultivated land resources and the expansion of construction land and ecological land is becoming increasingly acute. By Lawrence curve, models of gravity center and level classification division and other spatial analysis technique, this essay conducts an in-depth study of the spatial distribution pattern of the total cultivated land changes in China based on the national land use data between the 1980s and 2000. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the total cultivated land increased 28374 km² during the past ten years, with an increase of 25328 km² in dryland, accounting for 89.26%, and 3046 km² in paddy, accounting for 10.74%. Secondly, China’s cultivated land was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shandong and other northern and central provinces. The total cultivated land had reduced in 19 provinces including Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hebei, Shandong and Zhejiang, etc. While the rest of 13 provinces such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Xinjiang, etc saw an increase in the total cultivated land. Thirdly, we found that 88% of the nation’s cultivated land was distributed in the southeast of Hu Huanyong’s line, occupying 40% of land area by measurement of cultivated land indices. The spatial distribution pattern of China’s cultivated land could be appropriately classified as high degree of sparse areas, low degree of sparse areas, general transition zone, low concentrated areas and high concentrated areas. Fourthly, the types of China’s cultivated land changes could be considered as such seven major types: high growth areas, moderate growth areas, low-growth areas, general transition area, low degree reduction area, moderate degree reduction area and high degree reduction area guided by cultivated land changes index and gravity centers curve of cultivated land changes. This paper aims to reveal the spatial distribution pattern and changes of China’s cultivated land by applying the spatial analysis methods. It puts forwards that spatial distribution and division of the level of cultivated land changes with consideration of quality of cultivated land should be further explored.