为了探明气象因素对南方稻区早稻产量因子及产量的影响,应用杂交早稻组合金优402于2003—2009年种植在湖南省内7个生态点的产量因子和相应的气象数据,建立早稻不同生育时期的日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、相对湿度和日照时数等气象因素与总苗数、成穗率、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重等产量因子的回归方程,研究影响湖南早稻产量因子的主要气象因素及其敏感时期。结果表明:移栽后24~27 d的低温阴雨导致早稻分蘖数不足;分蘖成穗率主要受移栽后33~41 d的气温和日照时数影响,随温度升高和日照时数延长而升高;每穗总粒数与始穗前9~1 d的日均温、始穗前9~4 d的日最高气温及始穗前10~5 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与此期的相对湿度呈负相关;结实率与始穗前14~9 d的日均温、日最低气温呈正相关,而与始穗前9~5 d的日最高气温和日照时数表现为负相关;千粒重与始穗前25~20 d的相对湿度、始穗后14~20 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与始穗前25~20 d的日均温、始穗后17~22 d的日最低气温表现出负相关。
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of the main meteorological factors on the yield components of the early rice in Hunan Province. The correlation analysis between meteorological factors and rice yield components were conducted, with the data from 2003-2009 at 7 rice growth areas in Hunan Province. The main results are as follows: the tiller number was positively correlated to the daily average temperature (DAT), daily maximum temperature (DMAT), hours of sunshine (HS) during the 23rd-27th days after rice transplanting, and negatively correlated to the relative humidity (RH) during the same stage. The DAT, DMAT, daily minimum temperature (DMIT) and HS during the 33rd to 41st days after rice transplanting were positively correlated to the productive tiller percentage of early rice. The DAT averaged from the 9th-1st days, DMAT averaged from the 9th-4th days and HS averaged from the 10th-5th before initial heading were positively correlated to the grain number per panicle (GNPP), whereas the RH during this period was negatively correlated to the GNPP. The DAT and DMIT averaged from the 14th-9th days were positively correlated to the seed setting percentage (SSP), contrarily, the DMAT average from the 9th-5th days and the HS from the 9th-5th days before initial heading were negatively correlated to the SSP. The 1000-grain-weight was positively correlated to both of the RH average from the 25th-20th days before initial heading and the HS from the 14th-20th days after initial heading, and it was negatively correlated to the DAT of the 25th-20th days before initial heading and the DMIT of the 17th-22nd days after initial heading.
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