探讨微观主体——农户土地利用行为与宏观农业景观格局之间的互动机理,对于了解农户行为的变迁,认识和理解农业景观格局的演变特征和过程,进而调控农户土地利用行为和优化农业景观格局,显然具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文利用构建的农户土地利用决策模型、个体对群体与群体对整体权重影响模型,利用实际收集的陕西省米脂县孟岔村2007年与2008年数据(地籍、地块面积与农户收入等数据),探讨占优势的土地利用决策与占优势的农业景观格局关系。得出如下结论:①占优势的土地利用决策并不一定形成该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局;②当年占优势的农户整体土地利用决策并不一定形成次年该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局。并提出今后需要进一步研究与探讨的问题:①完善农户土地利用决策模型,在模型中增加风险规避、土地轮作、特殊地类转化等因素;②进一步探索整合地块面积及其空间布局与土地利用决策的方法。
It is important to discuss the mechanism between the household land use behavior and the agriculture landscape pattern. This research is helpful to understand the transition of the household behavior, and comprehend the evolution process and characteristics of the landscape pattern. Making use of the cadastral data and parcel area of 2007 and 2008 of the Mengcha village, this paper uses the household land use decision-making mode and the weight-influence mode to research the relationship between the dominant land use decision-making and the dominant landscape pattern. From our study and analysis, a number of observations and conclusions can be drawn on the implementation: 1) the dominant land use decision-making must not produce the dominant landscape pattern by this land use decision type; and 2) The whole household dominant land use decision-making in this year must not produce the dominant landscape pattern by this land use decision type in the next year. Our future research work will focus on the following aspects: 1) in order to improve the individual land use decision-making mode, the mode should involve the risk adverse factor, the crop rotation factor and the special land use type transition rule factor; and 2) it is necessary to research the integrated method which consider the land use parcel area and the individual land use decision-making comprehensively.
[1] 张小林, 盛明. 中国乡村地理学研究的重新定向[J]. 人文地理, 2002, 17(1):81-84.
[2] 周心琴, 张小林. 我国乡村地理学研究回顾与展望[J]. 经济地理, 2005, 25(3):285-288.
[3] 宋长青, 冷疏影. 21世纪中国地理学综合研究的主要领域[J]. 地理学报, 2005, 60(4):546-552.
[4] 张广胜, 周虹, 等. 基于农民视角的新农村建设:现状及思考[J]. 农业经济问题, 2006, 10:43-48.
[5] 钟太洋, 黄贤金. 农户层面土地利用变化研究综述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(3):341-352.
[6] 柴彦威. 行为地理学研究的方法论问题[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2005, 24(2):1-5.
[7] 张保华, 谷艳芳, 等. 农业景观格局演变及其生态效应研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2007, 26(1):114-121.
[8] 郑杭生, 汪雁. 农户经济理论再议[J]. 学海, 2005, 3:66-75.
[9] Aitken S C, Rushton G. Perceptual and behavioral theory in practice [J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1993, 17(3):378-388.
[10] Claessens L, Schoorl J M. Modelling interactions and feedback mechanisms between land use change and landscape processes [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129:157-170.
[11] Lone Sderkvist Kristensen, Claudine Thenail. Landscape changes in agrarian landscapes in the 1990s: The interaction between farmers and the farmed landscape. A case study from Jutland, Denmark [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 71: 231-244.
[12] Ligtenberg Arend, Monica Wachowicz. A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 72:43-55.
[13] Paul M Torrens, Nara Atsushi. Modeling gentrification dynamics: A hybrid approach [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2007, 31:337-361.
[14] 陈海, 王涛, 梁小英, 等. 基于 Multi-Agent System 的农户土地利用模型的构建与模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(12):1448-1456.
[15] 陈海, 杨维鸽, 梁小英, 等. 基于MAS的多尺度土地利用变化模型的构建与模拟[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(8): 1519-1527.
