为探明人类活动对太平湖国家湿地公园生态保育区草本植物多样性的影响,对该区域草本植物区系及其在不同干扰下的多样性动态进行了调查分析。结果表明:①该区共有草本植物25科,56属,68种,以禾本科(Gramineae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)和菊科(Compositae)为优势科,属的成分相对分散,该区草本植物均为寡种属和单种属,植物区系成分简单;②狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)为湿地公园生态保育区优势种群,在5个样地均形成优势群落,但在不同干扰类型下重要值有所变化;③吴家洲为无人区,狗牙根占绝对优势,植物演替处于初始阶段;④大湖冲农业干扰时间久远,农田杂草向滩涂湿地演替推进,物种α多样性各指数为5样地中最高;⑤轻微游憩活动造成营盘山草本植物多样性各指数较吴家洲高,近期建造的水泥游道、观台和篝火场地等对湿地景观造成了一定破坏;⑥苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)因不被家畜食用、具化感作用,种子可随水和随家畜传播,造成石壁陈苍耳泛滥成灾,形成大面积优势群落,严重影响植被景观多样性和微生态系统的稳定性;⑦乌里村受渔业影响较大,滩地植被稀疏;⑧各样地草本植物β多样性显示,不同干扰类型已经对河口滩地的环境造成了影响,具体环境影响指标还有待于进一步研究。针对太平湖湿地公园生态保育区生物多样性保护存在的主要问题,提出了相应的保护和修复对策。
We investigated and analyzed the diversity dynamics of herbaceous plants under different disturbance and its flora in the conservation area of Taiping Lake National Wetland Park. The results showed that: 1) The herbaceous plant composition was relatively simple and the total 68 species belonged to 25 families and 56 genera, among which Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Compositae were dominant families. 2) Cynodon dactylon sampled from five plots was the dominant species in the conservation area of the wetland park, its important values, however, changed under different disturbance. 3) Cynodon dactylon was the absolutely predominant species in depopulated area, Wujiazhou, where plant succession was just initiated. 4) The highest α diversity occurred in Dahuchong which experienced a long term agricultural disturbance, the plants transformed from farmland weed to tidal flat. 5) Herbaceous plant diversity of Wujiazhou was higher than Yingpanshan resulted from light tourism, the newly constructed cement road, sightseeing stand and bonfire, however destructed the wetland landscapes. 6) The overwhelming Xanthium sibiricum in Shibichen seriously affected plant landscape diversity and micro-ecological stability because of inadequate consuming, allelopathy effect, and its high spreading ability. 7) The tidal flat vegetation was sparse in Wulichun resulting from serious fishing disturbance. 8) The indices of β diversity from five plots showed that the estuary environment changed under different disturbance, the impacting indicators, however, need further studies. We put forward some protection and restoration strategies towards the main problems in biodiversity conservation in the conservation area of Taiping Lake National Wetland Park.
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