资源利用与管理

陇中黄土丘陵地区农村生活能源消费的环境经济成本分析

展开
  • 1. 兰州大学 资源环境学院,兰州 730000;
    2. 吉林师范大学 旅游与地理科学学院,吉林 四平 136000
李国柱(1975- ),男,汉族,吉林榆树人,博士研究生,主要从事区域可持续发展与生态经济方面的研究。

收稿日期: 2007-03-06

  修回日期: 2007-09-11

  网络出版日期: 2008-02-01

The Analysis on Environmental and Economic Cost of Rural Household Energy Consumption in Loess Hilly Region of Gansu Province

Expand
  • 1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. College of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China

Received date: 2007-03-06

  Revised date: 2007-09-11

  Online published: 2008-02-01

摘要

陇中黄土丘陵地区经济贫困、环境脆弱、生活能源短缺,生物质过量消费成为生态环境退化的重要驱动因素。论文通过问卷调查获取相关数据,并建立计量模型,基于替代性分析估算了不同用能结构情景下的环境经济成本。结果表明,现状户均生活能源消费2 112.44kgce/a,人均428.59kgce/a,用能水平较低。目前农户消费能源选择的主要依据是能源的现金支出和可获得性。与农户现状用能结构相比较,4种替代结构的能源消费总成本、环境成本、经济成本及现金支出差异较大。利用沼气和太阳能的结构各项成本低,应是今后农村能源建设的方向。

本文引用格式

李国柱, 牛叔文, 杨振, 张馨 . 陇中黄土丘陵地区农村生活能源消费的环境经济成本分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2008 , 23(1) : 15 -24 . DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.01.003

Abstract

Due to poverty in economy, serious soil erosion and shortage of rural household energy in loess hilly region of Gansu Province, excessive consumption of biofuel becomes an important driving factor of eco-environmental of degeneration. Data on rural household energy use was obtained by questionnaires in this research, and based on substitutable analysis, environmental and economic costs under different energy consumption structures were estimated by the quantitative model. Results show that one family consumes 2112.44 kgce and per capita 428.59kgce per year at present, an indication of a lower level of energy consumption. The total energy consumption cost of per household is 1925.65yuan/a, in which the environmental cost is 621.13 yuan/a and the economic cost is 1304.52 yuan/a. Commercial energy has been used widely. The per household cash payment is 536.51yuan/a that is 8.69% of the household net income. The full use of solar energy and biogas can obviously decrease the above-mentioned cost of energy consumption. Cash payout and gettable capacity of energy are the main reasons for the rural households to choose energy categories. To compare with the actual structure of energy usage, there are obvious differences on the total cost, the environment cost, economic cost and cash payout for households among the four substitutable structures. Each item of cost is lower when biogas and solar energy are used, so this structure is the primary direction for the future development of rural energy.

参考文献

[1] Cengiz Sayin, M Nisa Mencet, Burhan Ozkan. Assessing of energy policies based on Turkish agriculture: Current status and some implications[J]. Energy Policy,2005,33(18):2361-2373. [2] Makoto Kanagawa, Toshihiko Nakata. Analysis of the energy access improvement and its socio-economic impacts in rural areas of developing countries[J]. Ecological Economics,2006,58(1):1-11. [3] Le Chen, Nico Heerink, Marrit van den berg. Energy consumption in rural China: A household model for three villages in Jiangxi Province[J]. Ecological Economics,2006,58(2):407-420. [4] 张培栋,王 刚.中国农村户用沼气工程建设对减排CO2、SO2的贡献——分析与预测[J].农业工程学报,2005,21 (12):147~151. [5] Yinlong Jina, Xiao Mab, et al. Exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use in rural China: The interactions of technology, behavior, and knowledge in health risk management[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2006,62(12):3161-3176. [6] 闫丽珍,闵庆文,成升魁.中国农村生活能源利用与生物质能开发[J].资源科学,2005,27(1):8~13. [7] B M Taelea, K K Gopinathana, L Mokhuts'oane. The potential of renewable energy technologies for rural development in Lesotho[J]. Renewable Energy,2007,32(4):609-622. [8] Frederick N Onyango, Reccab M Ochieng. The potential of solar chimney for application in rural areas of developing countries[J]. Fuel,2006,85(17):2561-2566. [9] Ignas Sateikis, Stefa Lynikiene, Bronius Kavolelis. Analysis of feasibility on heating single family houses in rural areas by using sun and wind energy[J]. Energy and Buildings,2006,38(6):695-700. [10] M Madubansi, C M Shackleton. Changing energy profiles and consumption patterns following electrification in five rural villages, South Africa[J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(18):4081-4092. [11] 郭晓东,牛叔文,李国柱.西秦岭山地农村生活能源建设与退耕还林的生态经济效益评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(3):98~102. [12] B Sudhakara Reddy, P Balachandra. Dynamics of technology shifts in the household sector-Implications for clean development mechanism[J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(16):2586-2599. [13] Peter Catania. China's rural energy system and management[J]. Applied Energy,1999,64(1):229-240. [14] W Wolde-Ghiorgis. Renewable energy for rural development in Ethiopia: The case for new energy policies and institutional reform[J]. Energy Policy,2002,30(11):1095-1105. [15] 莫多闻,李非,李水成,等.甘肃葫芦河流域全新世环境演化及其对人类活动的影响[J].地理学报,1996,51(1): 59~67. [16] 王革华.农村能源建设对减排SO2和CO2贡献分析方法[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(1):169~172. [17] Andreae M O. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2001, 15(4):4955-4966. [18] Zhang J, Smith K R, Ma Y. Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China: A database for emission factors[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(26):4537-4549. [19] Shekar Reddy M, Venkataraman Chandra. Atmospheric optical and radiative effects of anthropogenic aerosol constituents from India[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(26):4511-4523. [20] Lenzen M. Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption: An input-output analysis[J]. Energy Policy,1998,26(6):495-511. [21] 方品贤,江欣,奚元福.环境统计手册.重庆:四川科学技术出版社,1985.12. [22] Turn S Q, Jenkins B M, Chow J C. Elemental characterization of particulate matter emitted from biomass burning: Wind tunnel derived source profiles for herbaceous and wood fuels[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997, 102(3):3683-3699. [23] Streets D G, Waldhoff S T. Biofuel use in Asia and acidifying emissions[J]. Energy-The International Journal,1998, 23(12):1029-1042. [24] 中国气候变化国别研究组.中国气候变化国别研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.12. [25] 魏涛远,格罗姆斯洛德.征收碳税对中国经济与温室气体排放的影响[J].世界经济与政治,2002,(8):47~49. [26] 李新宇,唐海萍.陆地植被的固碳功能与适用于碳贸易的生物固碳方式[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(2):200~209. [27] 阎世辉.我国燃煤电厂二氧化硫减排技术经济分析[J].环境保护,2003,(4):46~48. [28] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):137~143.
文章导航

/