论文采用分层聚类法对中国能源利用效率进行地域划分,并运用Theil系数探讨能源利用效率的区域分异特征,进而应用面板数据模型定量研究区域能源利用效率的影响因素。研究表明:"十五"时期,中国能源利用效率的省际差异显著,从空间上可划分为高效区、中效区和低效区,能源高效区集中在东部沿海经济发达地区;2001~2005年,中国能源利用效率明显提高,但能源利用效率的总体差异、三大地域间差异和地域内差异均呈上升趋势;能源结构、技术水平、产业结构、价格水平和投资水平是影响中国能源利用效率区域差异的显著因素;以煤炭消费比重所表示的能源结构对区域能源利用效率的负向影响程度最大,以全员劳动生产率所表示的技术水平对区域能源利用效率的正向影响程度最大;第三产业增加值比重对区域能源利用效率具有显著正影响,第二产业增加值比重、生产资料价格水平、高耗能投资水平对区域能源利用效率具有显著负影响;经济发展水平对区域能源利用效率的影响程度并不显著,经济增长与能源利用效率不存在同步增长关系。
Energy problem is always the focus and difficulty in China’s national economic development. The most realistic and efficient way to resolve current energy shortage and energy pollution issue is to improve energy utilization efficiency. This paper applied hierarchical cluster analysis to classify energy utilization efficiency of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2005. Then Theil coefficient was applied to investigate the regional disparity characteristics of energy utilization efficiency. On this basis, the factors affecting energy utilization efficiency were explored quantificationally both in time and space dimensions with panel data models. The following conclusions were drawn. Firstly, there was notable inter-provincial disparity in energy utilization efficiency. In the geographical space, all provinces could be divided into high-efficiency area (distributing along the coast of eastern China), moderate-efficiency and low-efficiency area. Secondly, energy utilization efficiency rose significantly during the 10th Five-Year Plan Period in 2001-2005, but its regional disparity in the scale of nationwide, inter-category and intra-category showed a trend of further expansion. Thirdly, excluding the factor of economic development level, the main factors affecting energy utilization efficiency were energy structure, technique level, industrial structure, price level and investment level. Fourthly, coal consumption had the most negative effect on energy utilization efficiency, while the total labor productivity had the most positive effect. Finally, effective measures improving energy utilization efficiency were to adjust energy consumption structure and raise the productivity of labor.
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