
基于区域一体化的长三角地区城市竞合空间演化研究
Spatial evolution of urban co-opetition in Yangtze River Delta region based on regional integration
长三角区域一体化国家战略旨在提升长三角地区整体实力和国际竞争力。以具有全球重要竞争力的长三角地区为案例地,从城市发展的竞争与合作的角度,在测度2006—2021年长三角地区41个城市的竞合水平基础上,运用空间马尔科夫转移矩阵和重叠社区发现模型等方法,分析长三角地区城市竞合水平的时空特征及交互关系。结果表明:(1)伴随着长三角地区竞合水平整体向上发展的变化,长三角地区在空间上呈现从以上海、南京、杭州为中心的孤岛式分布格局逐步向以沪宁合、沪杭甬“片状”连绵一体化空间格局转变,长三角中心区的功能越发突出。(2)从竞合水平时空转移特征看,城市受到自身发展影响存在类型间的转移惰性和路径依赖,多数城市不论是邻域还是自身转移类型均保持很强的稳定性;邻域状态强化了区域低竞合城市的空间集中和高竞合城市的空间溢出,并带动了俱乐部收敛的空间扩散。低邻域和较低状态下各竞合水平类型城市基本位于长三角外围区,高邻域和较高邻域状态下各竞合水平类型城市主要位于长三角核心区和中心区。(3)从网络社区和交叠城市看,长三角地区竞合水平不断向网络化和组团化转变,反映了长三角地区开始从城市间竞合转向城市圈之间竞争和城市圈内部合作的关系。
The national strategy of regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) aims to improve the overall strength and international competitiveness of this region. This paper selects the YRD region, which participates in global competition, as a case study, starts from the co-opetition level of urban development momentum, and measures the competition and cooperation level of 41 cities in the region from 2006 to 2021. Using the methods of spatial Markov transfer matrix and overlapping community discovery model, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics and interaction of urban co-opetition level in the study region. The results show that: (1) With the overall upward development of the co-operation level, the spatial distribution pattern of the YRD region has gradually changed from the isolated island distribution pattern centered on Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou to the "sheet" continuous integrated spatial pattern of Shanghai-Nanjing cooperation and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo cooperation, and the function of the central part of the region has become more and more prominent. (2) From the perspective of the spatio-temporal transfer characteristics at the level of co-opetition, cities are affected by their own development with inter-type transfer inertia and path dependence, and most cities maintain strong stability both in their neighborhood and in their own transfer types; The neighborhood state strengthens the spatial concentration of low co-opetition cities in the region and the spatial overflow of high co-opetition cities, driving the spatial diffusion of club convergence. Most of the cities with low neighborhood and low state are located in the peripheral area of the YRD, while most of the cities with high neighborhood and high state are located in the core and central area. (3) From the perspective of network communities and overlapping cities, the level of co-opetition in the YRD region is constantly changing to network and teamwork, which reflects the relationship between co-opetition within the YRD city circle.
城市竞合空间 / 空间马尔科夫链 / 重叠社区发现 / 长三角地区 {{custom_keyword}} /
urban co-opetition space / spatial Markov chains / overlapping community discovery / Yangtze River Delta region {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 2006—2021年长三角地区城市竞合水平传统和空间马尔科夫转移概率矩阵Table 1 Traditional and spatial Markov transfer probability matrix of urban co-opetition level in Yangtze River Delta region from 2006 to 2021 |
空间滞后类型 | t/(t+1) | 低 | 较低 | 较高 | 高 | 城市 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
传统 | 无滞后 | 低 | 0.8354 | 0.1646 | 0 | 0 | 164 |
较低 | 0.0064 | 0.8153 | 0.1783 | 0 | 157 | ||
较高 | 0 | 0.0066 | 0.8553 | 0.1382 | 152 | ||
高 | 0 | 0 | 0.0141 | 0.9859 | 142 | ||
空间 | 低 | 低 | 0.9048 | 0.0952 | 0 | 0 | 63 |
较低 | 0 | 0.9200 | 0.0800 | 0 | 25 | ||
较高 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | ||
高 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | ||
较低 | 低 | 0.8393 | 0.1607 | 0 | 0 | 56 | |
较低 | 0 | 0.8462 | 0.1538 | 0 | 39 | ||
较高 | 0 | 0 | 0.8000 | 0.2000 | 30 | ||
高 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 29 | ||
较高 | 低 | 0.7500 | 0.2500 | 0 | 0 | 40 | |
较低 | 0.0185 | 0.7593 | 0.2222 | 0 | 54 | ||
较高 | 0 | 0.0189 | 0.9245 | 0.0566 | 53 | ||
高 | 0 | 0 | 0.0227 | 0.9773 | 44 | ||
高 | 低 | 0.6000 | 0.4000 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
较低 | 0 | 0.7949 | 0.2051 | 0 | 39 | ||
较高 | 0 | 0 | 0.8065 | 0.1935 | 62 | ||
高 | 0 | 0 | 0.0156 | 0.9844 | 64 |
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Trade cooperation plays an important role in promoting regional economic cooperation and regional integration. In order to promote the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMB) and enhance its position in the global trade network, it is urgent to clarify the trade relationship in GHMB and promote the coordinated development of trade among the three component tariff zones. Under this background, based on the data from International Trade Centre (ITC) and regional statistical yearbooks, this paper analyzes the evolution of trade competition and cooperation in GHMB, and tries to find a way to foster regional integration of GHMB. The results show that: (1) In the last decades, GHMB has expanded its overall trade scale and raised its status in the global trade network, which provide itself the potential to develop into a world-class bay area. However, its financial market still remains to be optimized thoroughly. (2) With the continuous strengthening of Guangdong's trade links with the world, Guangdong has gradually overtaken Hong Kong in trade volume. Thus, strong potential competition between Guangdong and Hong Kong’s re-export-led trade has arisen in terms of trade space and trade commodity structure. Besides, potential competition also exists between Hong Kong and Macao in re-export trade. (3) The three component tariff regions in GHMB have varied advantages in different parts of trade competition. Specifically, Guangdong shows a competitive advantage in trade at the level of agglomeration, Hong Kong has a significant advantage in the level of investment liberalization, and Macao has a relatively limited scale in most trade competitive indicators. (4) The trade links between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao have been continuously strengthened. Trade cooperation pattern in GHMB still retains some characteristics of its earlier stages, as the stores in the front and factories at the back cooperation model. However, the proportion of processing trade in total trade volume has been declining. (5) To promote internal trade cooperation in GHMB, it is necessary to make full use of each other’s trading advantages, foster the cooperation and coordinated development of commodity trade, expand the trade spaces of the three component tariff zones, and promote closer cooperation in service trade. {{custom_citation.content}}
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With the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regional integration rising to a national strategy,regional competition and cooperation have become important issues in Chinese development strategy and policy-making. By analyzing the evolution process,strategic intentions,and policy effects of national and provincial regional strategy in the YRD since the 1990s,this paper explores the characteristics and the trends of co-opetition in regional strategy. The research shows that regional strategy can be used as an effective basis for regional co-opetition study. The regional strategy of YRD experienced a process from competition to coordination and cooperation. According to the characteristics of co-opetition,regional strategy can be classified as competitive strategy,cooperative strategy,and co-opetition strategy. New strategy shows several trends: the multi-center and network spatial pattern of YRD is further developed,the metropolitan areas become important carriers of co-opetition,regional innovation will become the key issue,and cross-border cooperation brings new development opportunities. It's suggested that regional cooperation should be further promoted by way of national intervention or central city leading.
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Based on the resilient city theory,this study constructs the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban human settlement resilience,and explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban human settlement resilience in 41 regional units in the Yangtze River Delta from 2008 to 2020. The research obtains the following findings: Firstly,from the perspective of temporal evolution,the overall level of urban human settlement resilience in the Yangtze River Delta shows a positive trend,but the absolute gap of the level of urban human settlement resilience also shows a significant trend of expansion,which can be divided into three stages of "fluctuation,improvement and symbiosis". Secondly,from the perspective of spatial distribution,the resilience level of urban human settlements shows a large spatial difference. The areas with high resilience are clustered in Shanghai,the northeast of Zhejiang and the south of Jiangsu,and shows an obvious core-edge structure diffusion trend outward from the region. The spatial agglomeration level of urban human settlement resilience shows a good development trend,and has formed the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of hot spots led by four regions. Thirdly,from the perspective of spatial transfer,the spatial transfer of urban human settlement resilience level is significant. Under the neighborhood background,the human settlement resilience level of cities shows the "club convergence" phenomenon,and the grade transfer has obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Finally,in order to improve the resilience level of urban human settlements,it is proposed comprehensively promote the regional integration strategy of the Yangtze River Delta,strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure.
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董锁成, 李泽红, 石广义, 等. 西部地级城市竞争力评价与“十四五”国家级新区布局. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(7): 1657-1672.
我国正处于全面建设社会主义现代化强国的关键时期,同时世界正面临百年未有之大变局,这对我国广大西部地区与全国同步实现现代化提出了严峻挑战。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》、关于加快推进绿色低碳循环发展经济体系、“一带一路”倡议等国家战略的实施给西部地区发展带来了新的机遇。从国家发展战略、经济水平、社会发展、区位条件、资源环境、科技创新和改革开放等七个方面对西部88个地级城市竞争力进行综合评估,并在此基础上,结合国家生态功能区划,选择乌昌石新区、呼和浩特新区、北部湾新区、拉萨新区、西宁新区、银石新区六个最具发展潜力和竞争力的区域作为西部未来拟建新区,提出国家新区建设布局向西部倾斜,以政策红利促进西部新区和新兴增长极建设,以创新催生新业态新经济发展,大力培育绿色低碳循环经济体系等政策建议,为“十四五”西部国家级新区布局和区域新兴增长极培育,加快西部大开发,优化国家宏观区域发展格局提供科学依据。
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国家统计局城市社会经济调查司. 中国城市统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2006—2022.
[Department of Urban Social and Economic Investigation, National Bureau of Statistics. China City Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistical Press, 2006-2022.]
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[36] |
王少剑, 高爽, 黄永源, 等. 基于超效率SBM模型的中国城市碳排放绩效时空演变格局及预测. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1316-1330.
由CO<sub>2</sub>排放所引起的气候变化是当今社会所关注的热点话题,提高碳排放绩效是碳减排的重要途径。目前关于碳排放绩效的研究多从国家尺度和行业尺度进行探讨,由于能源消耗统计数据有限,缺乏城市尺度的研究。基于遥感模拟反演的1992—2013年中国各城市碳排放数据,采用超效率SBM模型对城市碳排放绩效进行测定,构建马尔可夫和空间马尔可夫概率转移矩阵,首次从城市尺度探讨了中国碳排放绩效的时空动态演变特征,并预测其长期演变的趋势。研究表明,中国城市碳排放绩效均值呈现波动中稳定上升的趋势,但整体仍处于较低的水平,未来城市碳排放绩效仍具有较大的提升空间,节能减排潜力大;全国城市碳排放绩效空间格局呈现“南高北低”特征,城市间碳排放绩效水平的差异性显著;空间马尔科夫概率转移矩阵结果显示,中国城市碳排放绩效类型转移具有稳定性,且存在“俱乐部收敛”现象,地理背景在中国城市碳排放绩效类型转移过程中发挥重要作用;从长期演变的趋势预测来看,中国碳排放绩效未来演变较为乐观,碳排放绩效随时间的推移而逐步提升,碳排放绩效分布呈现向高值集中的趋势。因此未来中国应继续加大节能减排力度以提高城市碳排放绩效,实现国家节能减排目标;同时不同地理背景的邻域城市之间应建立完善的经济合作联动机制,以此提升城市碳排放绩效水平并追求经济增长与节能减排之间协调发展,从而实现低碳城市建设和可持续发展。
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Climate change caused by CO2 emissions has become an environmental issue globally in recent years, and improving carbon emission performance is an important way to reduce carbon emissions. Although some scholars have discussed the carbon emission performance at the national scale and industry level, literature lacks studies at the city- level due to a limited availability of statistics on energy consumptions. In this study, based on China's city-level remote sensing carbon emissions from 1992 to 2013, we used the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the urban carbon emission performance, and the traditional Markov probability transfer matrix and spatial Markov probability transfer matrix are constructed to explore the spatio-temporal dynamic evolution characteristics of urban carbon emission performance in China for the first time and to predict its long-term evolution trend. The study shows that urban carbon emission performance in China presents a trend of steady increase in the fluctuation, but the overall level is still at a low level, so there is still a great improvement space in urban carbon emission performance, with huge potential for energy conservation and emission reduction. The spatial pattern of national urban carbon emission performance shows the characteristics of "high in the south and low in the north", and there is a significant difference in the level of carbon emission performance between cities. The spatial Markov probabilistic transfer matrix results show that the transfer of carbon emission performance type in Chinese cities is stable, thus it forms the "club convergence" phenomenon, and the geographical background plays an important role in the process of the transfer. From the perspective of long-term trend prediction, the future evolution of urban carbon emission performance in China is relatively optimistic. The carbon emission performance will gradually improve over time, and the distribution of carbon emission performance presents a trend of high concentration. Therefore, in the future, China should continue to strengthen research and development to improve the performance level of urban carbon emissions and achieve the national target of energy conservation and emission reduction. At the same time, neighboring cities with different geographical backgrounds should establish a sound linkage mechanism of economic cooperation to pursue coordinated development between economic growth, energy conservation and emission reduction, so as to realize low-carbon city construction and sustainable development. {{custom_citation.content}}
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[37] |
徐维祥, 郑金辉, 周建平, 等. 资源型城市转型绩效特征及其碳减排效应. 自然资源学报, 2023, 38(1): 39-57.
基于中国资源型城市2003—2018年面板数据综合测度城市转型绩效,采用空间马尔科夫链、空间计量模型和空间双重差分模型,探究资源型城市转型绩效特征及其对碳排放的影响。结果表明:(1)资源型城市转型绩效逐渐提升,与此对应的是区域差异呈波动上升趋势,且四种类型资源型城市之间区域差异主要来源于地区内差异,成熟型城市贡献最大;资源型城市转型绩效存在明显的空间分异性,发展格局由以跨越区为核心的“多点式”零星分布向先行区为核心的“组团式”聚集形态演变。(2)资源型城市转型绩效在不同时期存在状态转移的可能性,具有滞后区、起步区、跨越区和先行区4个趋同俱乐部特征,空间马尔科夫链表明转移趋势存在明显空间关联性,状态转移通常出现在相邻等级之间,较少有“跳跃式”转移现象,具有长期性和持续性特征。(3)资源型城市转型具有显著碳减排效应,而且这种效应存在不同资源类型、不同发展阶段和不同空间区位的异质性特征,经济产业转型、社会生活转型和生态环境转型是发挥碳减排效应的重要因素;进一步的政策冲击分析表明,产业转型升级示范区和高新技术产业开发区的设立对城市碳减排具有积极的政策效应。
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[38] |
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范擎宇, 杨山. 协调视角下长三角城市群的空间结构演变与优化. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(8): 1581-1592.
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Taking urban agglomeration as the main object to optimize the spatial layout of urbanization is an important part of constructing the national land spatial planning system, and the essence of spatial optimization is to promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities within the urban agglomeration. Based on the measurement of urbanization coordination level of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration from 2001 to 2016, this paper analyses and identifies the urban coordination relationship by using the methods of social network and multi-dimensional-scaling, and explores its internal evolution mechanism. The results show that: (1) With the improvement of the urbanization coordination level of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, the internal space of the urban agglomeration is obviously changed. The high coordination cities gradually show a Z-shaped distribution with Shanghai as the core, and the low coordination cities were stably distributed in the expanded area of the urban agglomeration. (2) According to the correlation strength of the coordination level of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, the cohesive subgroups were divided. The values of weighted average centrality and the contact density of the cohesive subgroups of the urbanization coordination relationship increased, and the polarization effect of Shanghai was more obvious. (3) The coordination structure of the urban agglomeration was identified from two dimensions of space and time. The Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration has transformed from the "circle layer" structure centered on the provincial capital cities under the influence of spatial distance into the structure of "core-periphery" under the influence of temporal distance. (4) The evolution of spatial structure of the urban agglomeration was influenced by the change of coordination level of population, land and economy urbanization. Compared with population and economy urbanization, land urbanization has a significant role in promoting the level of urban coordination. The optimizing policies of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration were proposed from the perspective of coordination after analyses of its spatial structure. This is conducive to the realization of the integration of urban agglomeration and the efficient use of space resources under the conditions of China's existing resource and environmental carrying capacity. {{custom_citation.content}}
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王振. “十四五”时期长三角一体化的趋势与突破路径: 基于建设现代化国家战略背景的思考. 江海学刊, 2020, (2): 82-88, 254.
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陈雯, 刘伟, 袁丰, 等. 面向中国式现代化的长三角一体化发展使命与研究焦点. 经济地理, 2023, 43(5): 8-15.
党的二十大报告提出“以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”,并深刻阐述了中国式现代化的科学内涵、本质要求、宏伟蓝图与实现路径。长三角一体化高质量发展是我国国家重大区域战略,也是中国式现代化的最佳集中展现,在中国式现代化进程中具有举足轻重的战略地位和作用。文章从阐述长三角、长三角一体化发展对中国式现代化科学内涵与本质要求的体现展现切入,重点从提升产业创造财富和就业能力、“城”“市”并举推进新型城镇化、“生态理性”“经济理性”兼顾实现人与自然和谐共生等角度,剖析中国式现代化新实践新要求赋予长三角一体化发展的新内涵,进而提出推进中国式现代化实践进程中值得进一步关注的长三角一体化发展研究议题,以期丰富人文经济地理学领域国内区域一体化研究,并为推进中国式现代化区域实践提供依据和参考。
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The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed promoting national rejuvenation through the Chinese path to modernization,and elaborated the scientific connotation,essential requirement,grand blueprint,and realization route of the Chinese path to modernization. As one of the major national regional strategies,regional integration and high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) might be the epitome and demonstration plot of the Chinese path to modernization. Focusing on the characteristics such as a huge population,common prosperity for all,harmony between humanity and nature,and material and cultural-ethical advancement,this paper aims to decode the relationship between regional integration of the YRD and the Chinese path to modernization. Furthermore,with particular attention given to the ability of industries to create wealth and jobs,the further implementation of new-type urbanization, and eco-environmental protection and green technical innovation,this paper analyzes new connotations and missions oriented by the Chinese path to modernization, and then generate several research agendas of integration development of YRD in human and economic geography. This paper aims to contribute to the literature on regional integration,and provide reference for promoting regional practice of the Chinese path to modernization.
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