
耕地保护财政转移支付制度体系重构——以浙江省新增建设用地使用费为例
A new fiscal transfer payment system for cultivated land protection: Taking the fees for newly increased construction land in Zhejiang province as an example
耕地保护财政转移支付制度是缓和耕地保护与经济发展矛盾的有效手段。以浙江省新增建设用地使用费为例,遵循财事权相匹配原则重构耕地保护财政转移支付制度体系,对于提高财政资金利用效率、促进耕地资源保护具有重要意义。结果表明:总体上,浙江省在全国31个省级行政单位中处于耕地亏损状态,不能参与中央财政转移支付资金分配;省域范围内,全省64个研究单元中共有50个县级行政单位存在耕地保护地方事权外溢效应,可以分配到浙江省省以下财政转移支付资金。在此基础上,进一步对比分析财事权相匹配视角下的优化分配结果与实际分配结果。研究发现,相比实际分配模式,基于财事权相匹配视角构建的财政转移支付体系下资金分配对耕地保护任务重的地区倾斜度更强。
The fiscal transfer payment system for cultivated land protection could realize the balance between cultivated land protection and economic development by compensating the relevant stakeholders with restricted development due to their responsibility for cultivated land protection. Taking the fees for newly increased construction land in Zhejiang province as an example, we construct a new fiscal transfer payment system for cultivated land protection on the basis of the principle of matching fiscal revenue and responsibility from the perspective of local government, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency of fiscal fund utilization and promoting the protection of cultivated land resources. The results show that Zhejiang is in deficit of cultivated land among 31 provincial-level regions nationwide generally, and cannot participate in the distribution of fiscal transfer payment funds from the central government. Within the provincial scope, there are 50 county-level administrative units such as the main urban area of Jiaxing, Zhuji city, and Shangyu district, etc., which have spillover of cultivated land protection responsibility and can be compensated by fiscal funds distribution in 64 research units in Zhejiang. Among which, the main urban area of Jiaxing has the highest spillover level and the corresponding distribution is up to 76.87 million yuan. Meanwhile, 14 research units without spillover cannot participate in the distribution of fiscal transfer payment funds from the province, which includes the main urban area of Hangzhou, the main urban area of Wenzhou, Xiaoshan district, and Yiwu city, etc. Moreover, the optimal distribution on the basis of the principle of matching fiscal revenue and responsibility is compared with that in practice. It is found that the funds distribution of the new fiscal transfer payment system has a stronger inclination to the regions with heavy cultivated land protection tasks. The regression results show that, the coefficient under the optimal distribution model is higher than that in practice. The study is of great significance to further improve the fiscal management system of China especially below the provincial level, and to make full use of the fiscal incentive and restraint mechanism to achieve the goal of cultivated land protection.
耕地保护 / 财政转移支付 / 财事权相匹配 / 新增费 / 浙江省 {{custom_keyword}} /
cultivated land protection / fiscal transfer payment / matching fiscal revenue and responsibility / fees for newly increased construction land / Zhejiang province {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 浙江省64个县级行政单位耕地保护地方事权外溢水平Table 1 Spillover level of local responsibility of cultivated land protection in 64 county-level administrative units in Zhejiang province (hm2) |
地区 | 粮食安全外溢水平 | 生态安全外溢水平 | 耕地保护外溢水平 | 地区 | 粮食安全外溢水平 | 生态安全外溢水平 | 耕地保护外溢水平 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杭州市本级 | -6242599.13 | -79574.54 | -3161086.84 | 金华市本级 | -101677.94 | -6271.99 | -53974.96 |
萧山区 | -242167.96 | -964.03 | -121565.99 | 兰溪市 | -45918.09 | 14249.59 | -15834.25 |
余杭区 | -69851.95 | -27917.76 | -48884.85 | 东阳市 | -58216.04 | 6735.40 | -25740.32 |
富阳区 | -20871.47 | -4713.73 | -12792.60 | 义乌市 | -168511.63 | -12763.11 | -90637.37 |
临安区 | -38846.89 | -5105.71 | -21976.30 | 永康市 | -72076.84 | 1638.79 | -35219.03 |
桐庐县 | -19769.69 | -1301.28 | -10535.48 | 浦江县 | -39361.09 | -2900.34 | -21130.72 |
建德市 | -16518.02 | 1897.74 | -7310.14 | 武义县 | -15368.49 | 3185.37 | -6091.56 |
淳安县 | -22378.08 | 2222.56 | -10077.76 | 磐安县 | -11350.83 | 1617.15 | -4866.84 |
温州市本级 | -369182.01 | -53051.75 | -211116.88 | 舟山市本级 | -132721.91 | -9531.54 | -71126.72 |
乐清市 | -76769.81 | -10554.94 | -43662.37 | 岱山县 | -66808.29 | -1757.37 | -34282.83 |
瑞安市 | -79035.26 | -13359.62 | -46197.44 | 嵊泗县 | -24521.25 | -1358.51 | -12939.88 |
永嘉县 | -67422.90 | 5728.91 | -30846.99 | 台州市本级 | -212022.05 | -14274.48 | -113148.27 |
平阳县 | -31646.83 | -1014.42 | -16330.63 | 温岭市 | -105075.05 | 78.46 | -52498.29 |
苍南县 | -60958.57 | -7501.27 | -34229.92 | 临海市 | -63538.73 | 2431.65 | -30553.54 |
文成县 | -14244.35 | 6736.46 | -3753.95 | 玉环市 | -106929.31 | -9119.67 | -58024.49 |
泰顺县 | -10873.18 | 8879.96 | -996.61 | 三门县 | -14645.77 | -281.09 | -7463.43 |
嘉兴市本级 | -57020.25 | 29485.78 | -13767.24 | 天台县 | -18924.87 | 6942.81 | -5991.03 |
海宁市 | -38872.60 | 3717.08 | -17577.76 | 仙居县 | -11738.17 | 7191.17 | -2273.50 |
平湖市 | -13132.05 | 19530.35 | 3199.15 | 衢州市本级 | -27589.98 | 7167.48 | -10211.25 |
桐乡市 | -45672.44 | 14733.52 | -15469.46 | 江山市 | -3162.23 | 14348.97 | 5593.37 |
嘉善县 | -15989.49 | 17079.82 | 545.16 | 龙游县 | -2024.56 | 8678.13 | 3326.78 |
海盐县 | -3989.98 | 13729.27 | 4869.65 | 常山县 | -6554.63 | 4410.68 | -1071.97 |
湖州市本级 | -47960.94 | 1179.26 | -23390.84 | 开化县 | -6066.21 | 5423.96 | -321.13 |
德清县 | -60353.83 | 8401.73 | -25976.05 | 丽水市本级 | -41498.04 | -562.95 | -21030.50 |
安吉县 | -11461.30 | -1721.88 | -6591.59 | 龙泉市 | -4836.86 | 11685.88 | 3424.51 |
长兴县 | -6438.70 | 11166.63 | 2363.97 | 青田县 | -25074.24 | 5615.58 | -9729.33 |
绍兴市本级 | -57524.37 | -8438.34 | -32981.35 | 云和县 | -7930.39 | 3200.85 | -2364.77 |
柯桥区 | -42776.34 | -9319.45 | -26047.90 | 庆元县 | -5731.07 | 6522.14 | 395.53 |
上虞区 | -7266.76 | 10228.55 | 1480.90 | 缙云县 | -27827.14 | 4444.07 | -11691.53 |
诸暨市 | -27201.48 | 3108.40 | -12046.54 | 遂昌县 | -3061.65 | 5747.12 | 1342.74 |
嵊州市 | -19712.14 | 7121.76 | -6295.19 | 松阳县 | -5164.93 | 976.48 | -2094.22 |
新昌县 | -25351.72 | 3740.15 | -10805.79 | 景宁县 | -2691.07 | 10936.49 | 4122.71 |
表2 浙江省64个县级行政单位耕地保护事权外溢水平及财政转移支付状况Table 2 Spillover level of local responsibility and fiscal transfer payment amount in 64 county-level administrative units in Zhejiang province |
地区 | 事权外溢水平/千hm2 | 转移支付规模/千万元 | 地区 | 事权外溢水平/千hm2 | 转移支付规模/千万元 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
杭州市本级 | -2992.250 | 0 | 金华市本级 | -6.029 | 0 |
萧山区 | -46.150 | 0 | 兰溪市 | 7.732 | 1.462 |
余杭区 | 29.560 | 5.589 | 东阳市 | 9.537 | 1.803 |
富阳区 | 18.071 | 3.417 | 义乌市 | -35.938 | 0 |
临安区 | 2.748 | 0.520 | 永康市 | -3.472 | 0 |
桐庐县 | 7.551 | 1.428 | 浦江县 | -3.687 | 0 |
建德市 | 11.233 | 2.124 | 武义县 | 8.975 | 1.697 |
淳安县 | 4.773 | 0.903 | 磐安县 | 2.687 | 0.508 |
温州市本级 | -84.506 | 0 | 舟山市本级 | -34.173 | 0 |
乐清市 | 15.596 | 2.949 | 岱山县 | -25.381 | 0 |
瑞安市 | 13.451 | 2.543 | 嵊泗县 | -10.011 | 0 |
永嘉县 | 3.717 | 0.703 | 台州市本级 | -31.095 | 0 |
平阳县 | 17.014 | 3.217 | 温岭市 | 4.417 | 0.835 |
苍南县 | 17.330 | 3.277 | 临海市 | 13.211 | 2.498 |
文成县 | 6.438 | 1.217 | 玉环市 | -31.849 | 0 |
泰顺县 | 9.619 | 1.819 | 三门县 | 7.097 | 1.342 |
嘉兴市本级 | 40.655 | 7.687 | 天台县 | 10.851 | 2.052 |
海宁市 | 18.857 | 3.566 | 仙居县 | 12.536 | 2.370 |
平湖市 | 32.383 | 6.123 | 衢州市本级 | 24.830 | 4.695 |
桐乡市 | 20.343 | 3.847 | 江山市 | 25.729 | 4.865 |
嘉善县 | 25.103 | 4.747 | 龙游县 | 18.962 | 3.585 |
海盐县 | 23.579 | 4.458 | 常山县 | 9.523 | 1.801 |
湖州市本级 | 33.383 | 6.312 | 开化县 | 10.278 | 1.943 |
德清县 | -4.446 | 0 | 丽水市本级 | -0.978 | 0 |
安吉县 | 14.042 | 2.655 | 龙泉市 | 13.347 | 2.524 |
长兴县 | 30.365 | 5.742 | 青田县 | 5.358 | 1.013 |
绍兴市本级 | 7.996 | 1.512 | 云和县 | 2.410 | 0.456 |
柯桥区 | 15.444 | 2.920 | 庆元县 | 6.170 | 1.167 |
上虞区 | 34.605 | 6.543 | 缙云县 | 3.894 | 0.736 |
诸暨市 | 37.227 | 7.039 | 遂昌县 | 9.320 | 1.762 |
嵊州市 | 22.507 | 4.256 | 松阳县 | 5.883 | 1.112 |
新昌县 | 5.306 | 1.003 | 景宁县 | 8.773 | 1.659 |
表3 模型回归结果Table 3 Model regression results |
变量 | 模型一(trans=payment) | 模型二(trans=fee) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
系数 | t值 | 系数 | t值 | ||
area | 0.0535*** | 3.71 | 0.0370*** | 4.80 | |
GDP | -0.5796* | -1.80 | -0.0593 | -0.34 | |
finance | 1213.7570 | 1.03 | -265.0511 | -0.42 | |
constant | 9.0010 | 0.01 | 1077.3390*** | 3.35 |
注:*、***分别表示在10%、1%水平上显著。 |
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Transregional fiscal payment system is an important tool for addressing the issue of regional imbalance brought by cultivated land protection. Through horizontal fiscal transfer between areas with different regulatory intensity, the system enables different regions to share the dividends of land-use optimization, which is helpful to the implementation of cultivated land protection. This study comprehensively considered the processes of collecting and distributing the fees for new increased construction land and took the whole process as a kind of transregional fiscal payment, that is, the fees are transferred from the nonagricultural development zone with higher quota of construction land to the cultivated land protection zone with heavy farmland protection task. On this basis, it examined the arable land protection effect of this kind of transregional fiscal payment system with the fees for new increased construction land as the carrier. A dynamic panel data model and system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) estimation are employed to verify the theory by using the provincial level panel data in China from 2005 to 2015. The results show that the interprovincial horizontal fiscal transfer payment system based on the fees for new increased construction land could help to mobilize the local governments to protect cultivated land and serve the purpose of protecting arable land, but its role is very limited. Among the two components of the fees, compared to fee distribution, the cultivated land protection effect of fees collection is better in China. This research may contribute to improving the interprovincial horizontal fiscal transfer payment system based on the fees for new increased construction land and promote cultivated land protection. {{custom_citation.content}}
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以资源型城市为研究对象,理论分析土地财政对经济增长的影响以及住房价格的中介作用,构建面板数据随机效应模型。选取土地和房地产市场发育比较完善的111个资源型城市,基于2011—2019年的面板数据,分类型检验资源型城市住房价格对土地财政影响经济增长的中介效应。研究结果表明:(1)土地财政显著正向影响资源型城市的经济增长和住房价格,但是影响程度存在一定差异性。再生型城市的影响系数最大,成熟型城市的影响系数最小。这种差异性与城市的资源保障能力相关。(2)资源型城市总体和成熟型城市住房价格对土地财政影响经济增长存在显著的部分中介效应,而再生型城市、成长型城市和衰退型城市住房价格对土地财政影响经济增长的中介效应不显著。
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After considering resource-based cities as the research object, this paper theoretically analyzes the impact of land finance on housing prices and economic growth, considers the mediating role of housing prices, and constructs a random effect model of panel data. A total of 111 resource-based cities with well-developed land and real estate markets were chosen by categorization based on panel data from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the mediating influence of housing prices on land finance and economic growth in resource-based cities. This study presents some findings as follows. Firstly, land finance has a significant positive impact on economic growth and housing prices in resource-based cities, but there are some differences in the degree of impact. In addition, land financing has the greatest influence on economic growth and housing prices in regenerating cities but on the other hand, land financing in mature cities has the least impact on economic growth and housing price. This difference is related to the resource guarantee ability of the city. Secondly, housing prices in resource-based cities and mature cities have significant partial mediating effects on land finance and economic growth. Most importantly, our analysis found that housing prices had no substantial mediating influence on land finance and economic growth in regenerating, growing, and declining cities. These findings add to the literature by enlightening guidance to policymakers and regulatory organizations for the advancement of land financing and economic growth. {{custom_citation.content}}
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刘守英, 王志锋, 张维凡, 等. “以地谋发展”模式的衰竭: 基于门槛回归模型的实证研究. 管理世界, 2020, (6): 80-92.
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王玉波. 土地出让收入支持乡村振兴潜在障碍因素及化解路径. 农业经济问题, 2022, (6): 68-83.
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牛善栋, 方斌. 中国耕地保护制度70年: 历史嬗变、现实探源及路径优化. 中国土地科学, 2019, 33(10): 1-11.
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张晓玲, 吕晓. 国土空间用途管制的改革逻辑及其规划响应路径. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6): 1261-1272.
在完善生态文明制度体系、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的宏观背景下,系统梳理土地用途管制制度起源、实施特点、成效与不足,重点解析土地用途管制向国土空间用途管制转型的改革逻辑及其对国土空间规划的具体要求,为完善国土空间规划体系提供借鉴。研究结果表明:(1)土地用途管制制度突出强调对耕地的保护,以新增建设用地为主要管控对象,建立了土地用途分类—规划—计划—审批—监管的完整管控链条,在保护耕地、保障粮食安全、倒逼节约集约用地和提高依法依规用地意识等方面取得了较好成效,但仍存在覆盖范围不全、管制刚性过强、生态用地管制乏力等不足。(2)国土空间用途管制以生态文明建设为逻辑起点,通过单一地类保护向空间统筹转型、地类管制向空间管控转型、指标传导为主向指标与分区相结合转型、底线约束向约束与引导并重转型,构建面向全过程、多样化的管制规则体系,完善空间传导机制,进而实现所有国土空间全要素统一管制。(3)面对国土空间用途管制的时代需求,国土空间规划改革应在系统性、整体性的规划管控指标体系、覆盖全域、上下衔接的规划分区体系、底线约束与激励引导相结合的规划实施弹性机制以及“全链条”管理机制等方面做出积极响应,进而实现不同层级国土空间规划和用途管制的统筹协调管控。
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孙晶晶, 赵凯, 曹慧, 等. 中国耕地保护经济补偿分区及其补偿额度测算: 基于省级耕地—经济协调性视角. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(6): 1003-1017.
正确处理耕地保护与经济发展之间的关系,对保障我国粮食安全具有十分重要的意义。论文从省级耕地资源禀赋与经济增长协调性出发,基于粮食安全及区域耕地生产力均衡视角确定了耕地盈余区、平衡区、赤字区,并利用机会成本法测算了耕地保护经济补偿标准以及补偿额度。结果表明:1)2007—2015年我国耕地资源禀赋与经济增长间存在非协调性,需要进行区际间耕地保护利益协调;2)将全国划分为8个耕地盈余区、11个耕地平衡区及12个耕地赤字区;3)2015年全国平均耕地保护经济补偿标准为2.90万元/hm<sup>2</sup>,其中,耕地赤字区最高,耕地盈余区次之,耕地平衡区最低;4)基于情景模拟法得出,不同区域的耕地盈亏量及耕地保护补偿额度存在较大差异。据此提出:实行差别化耕地保护政策;建立动态化的耕地保护制度,制定合理的区域差异化的耕地保护经济补偿标准,尽快建立健全耕地保护利益协调机制,以保障我国粮食安全的目标。
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郑浩生, 叶子荣, 查建平. 中央对地方财政转移支付影响因素研究: 基于中国县级数据的实证检验. 公共管理学报, 2014, (1): 18-26.
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曾明. 财政转移支付的激励效应: 地方政府为什么支持粮食生产. 南京农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 2015, 15(3): 60-68.
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谢金华, 杨钢桥, 汪箭, 等. 不同农地整治模式对耕地生产价值和生态价值的影响: 基于天门、潜江部分农户的实证分析. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(11): 2333-2347.
基于耕地生产价值和生态价值理论及其评估方法,构建农地整治背景下耕地生产价值和生态价值的分析框架,利用湖北省天门市和潜江市的农户问卷调查数据,采用DID模型和OLS模型,分析不同农地整治模式影响耕地生产价值和生态价值的作用机理。研究发现: (1)农地整治能较大促进耕地生产价值的提高,且新型经营主体主导模式的促进作用要优于政府主导模式;(2)农地整治能显著促进耕地生态价值的提高,但两种模式的促进效应没有明显不同;(3)耕地生产价值的提升有助于耕地生态价值的提高。基于此,今后不仅要继续加大农地综合整治的投资力度,还要在农地综合整治中重视生态整治,更要创新农地整治实施模式。
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刘利花, 张丙昕, 刘向华. 粮食安全与生态安全双视角下中国省域耕地保护补偿研究. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(19): 252-263.
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雍新琴, 张安录. 基于粮食安全的耕地保护补偿标准探讨. 资源科学, 2012, 34(4): 749-757.
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Based on the opportunity cost and the food security goal, this paper analyzed the basis for determining the compensation standard of arable land protection and brought forward the technical train of thought and method for measuring and calculating the compensation standard and amount, which were also emperically studied. The results show that: 1) The opportunity cost loss of the arable land protection is the lowest compensation value standard. The opportunity cost loss of the regional arable land protection is equal to the net income which comes from the transformation of arable land into the construction land. And the opportunity cost loss of the peasant households within a region is equal to the remaining sum got by subtracting the net income from the food production of arable land out of that from the transformation of arable land into construction land; 2) The technical train of thought for measuring and calculating the regional compensation standard and amount is that the value standard and amount are determined according to the loss of the opportunity cost and the profits and losses of the regional arable land. And the technical train of thought for measuring and calculating the compensation standard of the peasant households is that the specific annual compensation standard is determined by comprehensive consideration of the factors such as the desires of the peasant households and the Governmental economic capacity based on the annual opportunity cost loss of the arable land protection; 3) In 2008, the average value standard of the regional compensation was 13,100 yuan per hm<sup>2</sup>. There were 17 provinces suffering arable land deficit and the total compensation was 256.767 billion yuan. Among the 65 counties or cities in Jiangsu Province, there were 14 ones suffering arable land deficit and the compensation was 15.701 billion yuan in total. The average compensation standard of the peasant households in Xiaozhangjia Village of Jiangsu Province was 7,200 yuan per hm<sup>2</sup> for the paddy land and 8,700 yuan per hm<sup>2</sup> for the dry land. The main points of innovation are as follows: 1) The opportunity cost loss of the arable land protection among regions and that of the peasant households within a region are separately defined; 2) The technical train of thought and method for measuring and calculating the compensation standard and amount are new.
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陈先鹏, 方恺, 吴次芳, 等. 2009—2015年中国耕地资源利用时空格局变化研究. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(3): 291-296.
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蔡运龙, 傅泽强, 戴尔阜. 区域最小人均耕地面积与耕地资源调控. 地理学报, 2002, 57(2): 127-134.
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<p>Cultivated land, different from other resources, is fundamental to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, society and economy. Market mechanism inevitably drives cultivated land into industrial and urban uses. Rapid industrialization and urbanization lead the scarce cultivated land resources to more crises. So market is a failure to allocate this kind of resource which can be regarded as common property in a certain sense. Government intervention is necessary for optimization allocation of cultivated land. Current policy of macro-administration for cultivated land conservation is oriented to total quantitative control. Every province is demanded that the total number of cultivated land remains not decreased. This policy is difficult for practicing because it does not consider various situations in different regions. For example, in eastern provinces where rapid industrialization and urbanization is proceeding and reserved arable land is scarce, the total number of cultivated land will inevitably decrease unless at the cost of lowering the economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the policy of cultivated land resources conservation and utilization. The authors put forward the concept of minimum area per capita of cultivated land (MAPCCL) as a new insight into the optimization of land resource allocation for policy making. MAPCCL can be defined as the minimum number of cultivated land that can meet the needs of food consumption under certain food self-sufficient rate and land productivity. PICL provides a threshold of cultivated land conservation. If K<1, some cultivated land may be conversed into urban and industrial uses and planting structure may be adjusted for more cash crops. If K>1, cultivated land should not be conversed into other uses or land quality and productivity should be enhanced by means of increasing input and technological innovation.</p>
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陈百明, 周小萍. 全国及区域性人均耕地阈值的探讨. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(5): 622-628.
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葛向东. 耕地总量动态平衡的区域差异: 兼谈耕地最小保有量问题. 皖西学院学报, 2003, 19(5): 48-51.
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陈百明, 周小萍. 中国粮食自给率与耕地资源安全底线的探讨. 经济地理, 2005, 25(2): 145-148.
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冉清红, 岳云华, 谢德体, 等. 中国耕地警戒值的测算与讨论. 资源科学, 2007, 29(3): 158-164.
耕地安全是食物安全的基础,我国未来的耕地压力大,耕地保护是关键。耕地警戒值是影响政府土地管理部门加强耕地保护执法力度和老百姓建立耕地安全意识、参与性保护耕地的重要指标。近年来,人均耕地警戒值0.053hm<sup>2</sup>的引用对耕地安全意识的建立产生了很大影响,科学测算我国耕地警戒值具有紧迫性和现实意义。构建最小人均耕地面积的扩展模型S<sub>min</sub>=MB∑ni=1βi·GiPi,建立饲料粮食消费量与肉蛋奶消费量、食品作物单产量与单产影响因素之间关系的5个线性回归方程,以及单产影响因素与时间关系等6个曲线估计方程,测量粮食、植物油、糖和蔬菜等食品作物单产量,计算2006年~2015年最小人均耕地面积并与相应年份实际人均耕地面积对比,确定2006年的最小人均耕地面积0.09035hm<sup>2</sup>和最小人均耕地面积总量1.18×10<sup>8</sup>hm<sup>2</sup>(17.7亿亩)分别为人均耕地警戒值和耕地总量警戒线。
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李效顺, 蒋冬梅, 卞正富. 基于粮食安全视角的中国耕地资源盈亏测算. 资源科学, 2014, 36(10): 2057-2065.
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何承耕. 多时空尺度视野下的生态补偿理论与应用研究. 福州: 福建师范大学, 2007.
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张恒义, 刘卫东, 王世忠, 等. “省公顷”生态足迹模型中均衡因子及产量因子的计算: 以浙江省为例. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(1): 82-92.
生态足迹模型是分析人类对自然资本的需求和自然资本的供给情况的有力工具。为更加准确地核算中小尺度的生态足迹,论文建立了“省公顷”模型,明确了均衡因子和产量因子的含义与计算方法。在计算方法上,首次引入热值的概念,克服了不同类型生物产品不能直接加总的难题。以浙江省为例,应用本方法测算了2005年各类土地的均衡因子和各市土地的产量因子。其均衡因子分别是:耕地为2.82s-nhm<sup>2</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>;草地为0.11s-nhm<sup>2</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>;林地为0.35s-nhm<sup>2</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>;水域为0.17s-nhm<sup>2</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>等。结果与国际上通行的数值和国家公顷下的数值存在较大差异,但通过分析认为,文章的均衡因子和产量因子客观地表达了浙江省的实际情况,存在差异是合理的。最后,指出文章所构建的方法简单易行,结果合理,该计算方法可推广到国家层面;在进行省域层面的生态足迹分析时,模型应采用“省公顷”对应的均衡因子和产量因子,以使分析更加具有实际意义。
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李鹏辉, 张茹倩, 徐丽萍. 基于生态足迹的土地资源资产负债核算. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(1): 149-165.
自然资源资产负债表是一个具有中国特色的全新课题,其理论和实践均处于探索阶段。将生态足迹理论与自然资源资产核算有机结合,通过改进生态足迹模型参数、补充对价值量的核算、重新界定自然资源资产类型,构建了基于生态足迹的土地资源资产核算体系。以新疆为研究靶区,对其土地资源资产变化进行分析,结果表明:(1)改进后的新疆生态足迹模型参数存在年际波动,均衡因子多年平均值中水域(12.239)>湿地(10.161)>林地(3.352)>草地(0.990)>耕地(0.775)>荒漠(0.215),产量因子多年平均值中湿地(1.234)>耕地(1.214)>林地(0.889)>草地(0.819)>水域(0.674)>荒漠(0.385)。(2)受产品产量和市场价格影响,新疆不同土地类型的单位面积价格由高到低依次是:湿地(1910309元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)>林地(329571元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)>水域(213303元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)>草地(212176元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)>耕地(165467元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)>荒漠(40395元·hm<sup>-2</sup>)。(3)新疆土地资源资产稳定增加,权益持续缩减,负债呈扩大之势。18年内,土地资源资产数量上增加了27.19%,价值上升高了48.19%,权益数量上下降了6.60%,价值上减少了1.27%,负债在数量和价值上分别以1.20×10<sup>6</sup>hm<sup>2</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>和2.56×10<sup>11</sup>元·a<sup>-1</sup>的速度扩张。(4)基于生态足迹的土地资源资产核算方法具有涵盖质量属性、价值量内涵丰富、避免重复核算等优势。研究结果可为生态足迹与自然资源资产负债表的有机结合提供案例,同时有助于新疆土地资源合理化利用和科学管理。
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曹瑞芬, 张安录, 万珂. 耕地保护优先序省际差异及跨区域财政转移机制: 基于耕地生态足迹与生态服务价值的实证分析. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(8): 34-42.
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施开放, 刁承泰, 孙秀锋, 等. 基于耕地生态足迹的重庆市耕地生态承载力供需平衡研究. 生态学报, 2013, 33(6): 1872-1880.
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杨欣, 蔡银莺, 张孝宇, 等. 基于生态账户的农田生态补偿空间转移研究: 以武汉城市圈48个县(市、区)为例. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(2): 197-207.
论文以区域农田生态服务价值为基础,以经济发展程度、区域农田生态赤字/盈余与区域提供的生态承载力比值为调节系数,建立农田生态补偿空间转移模型,基于农田生态账户的概念从县(市、区)级层面对武汉城市圈48 个县(市、区)的农田生态补偿空间转移额度进行测算。结果显示:① 武汉城市圈农田生态系统服务总价值为75.00×10<sup>8</sup>元,涉及农田生态补偿空间转移额2.31×10<sup>8</sup>元。② 48 个县(市、区)中,24 个为农田生态支付区,支付区中武昌区的支付量最大,达到5 967.92×10<sup>4</sup>元,最小为14.94×10<sup>4</sup>元(铁山区);24 个受偿区中最大受偿额为238.91×10<sup>4</sup>元(黄陂区),最小为5.14×10<sup>4</sup>元(英山县)。③ 农田生态补偿空间转移量占地方当年财政收入的比例在0.07%~5.24%之间波动。论文提出的农田生态补偿空间转移模型简单、可行,也适用于其他更高或更低的尺度上有农田分布的地区进行农田生态补偿空间转移额度的核算。
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