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国家自然科学基金“土地科学和自然资源管理”申请代码领域研究格局、热点透视与发展展望
高阳, 吴浩, 李鑫, 蔡顺, 熊巨华
自然资源学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12) : 3049-3059.
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国家自然科学基金“土地科学和自然资源管理”申请代码领域研究格局、热点透视与发展展望
Research patterns, hotspots and development prospects of land resource and natural resource management field within the National Natural Science Foundation of China
({{custom_author.role_en}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index++;}}支持基础研究是国家自然科学基金的职责使命。自然资源管理是地理科学交叉融合创新的重要领域。划分国家自然科学基金土地科学和自然资源管理申请代码领域的研究方向，分析该领域申报与资助格局，透视研究热点，提出发展展望。研究发现：2021年以来土地科学和自然资源管理领域的申报格局以交叉且偏向人文要素研究为主，交叉类研究占55%以上，人文要素为主类研究占30%，自然要素为主类研究占15%；以土地资源为对象研究占73%，以生态资源为对象占14%，以其他自然资源为对象的研究占13%。资助格局中土地资源类项目占主导，在75%以上，其他自然资源资助比例不高且资助率不稳定，在土地资源中，农用地、建设用地与土地系统是主要资助领域。为推动自然资源管理领域的健康持续发展，要创新该领域研究范式，增强基础研究属性，树立交叉融合研究典范，坚持申请代码初衷内涵。
Supporting fundamental research is the responsibility and mission of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Natural resource management is an important research field of interdisciplinary integration and innovation in geographical sciences. This paper constructs a classification framework for research interests from the perceptive of logic and applicability, classifies relevant research interests in land sciences and natural resource management of geographical science of NSFC, analyzes the existing pattern of projects application and funding in this field, inspects the research hotspots, and proposes the development prospects of this field. Results show that: The application pattern in natural resource management since 2021 is dominated by the intersectional and human element-oriented studies, with over 55% of the intersectional category, 30% of the human element-oriented category, and around 15% of the natural element-oriented category, and from the perspective studied objects, around 73% is the land resource-oriented studies, around 14% of the ecological resource-oriented studies, and around 13% of the other natural resource-oriented studies; the funding pattern of projects is dominated by land resource studies, at more than 75%, while other natural resource funding is low in number and unstable in rate; agricultural land, construction land, and land use system are the main funding fields of land resources. To promote the healthy and sustainable development of the natural resource management research, it is necessary to innovate the research paradigm in this field, set an example of interdisciplinary integration research for geographical science, enhance its attributes of fundamental research, persist in the initial connotation of the code set, and prevent the polarization of the research pattern.
国家自然科学基金 / 自然资源管理 / 地理科学 / 土地科学 / 研究热点 {{custom_keyword}} /
National Natural Science Foundation of China / natural resource management / geographical sciences / land science / research hotspots {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 土地科学和自然资源管理领域研究方向划分Table 1 Classification of research interests for land science and natural resource management field |
| 研究对象 | 研究要素性质 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然要素为主N | 自然人文要素交叉C | 人文要素为主S | ||
| 生态资源E | 生态过程与环境效应E-N | 生态评价与权衡优化E-C | 价值核算与社会治理E-S | |
| 土地资源L | 土壤LS | 土壤组分与功能效应LS-N | 质量因素与过程管理LS-C | —— |
| 农用地LA | 农用地系统生态效应LA-N | 利用转型与结构布局LA-C | 土地流转与农户生计LA-S | |
| 建设用地LU | 生态扰动与污染修复LU-N | 时空变化与转型优化LU-C | 市场效率与政策制度LU-S | |
| 土地系统LY | 生态扰动与环境效应LY-N | 系统转型与优化调控LY-C | 运行效率与空间治理LY-S | |
| 水资源W | 资源质量与水文过程W-N | 预测评价与优化配置W-C | 主体行为与水权制度W-S | |
| 矿产和能源资源M | 矿物与能源形成机理M-N | 矿产能源评价与优化M-C | 资源管理与资源政策M-S | |
| 生物资源B | 生物量测算生态效应B-N | 资源分布与价值评价B-C | 产权治理与政策创新B-S | |
表2 2021年D0111申请代码下不同研究方向资助格局Table 2 The pattern of the 2021 funded projects in different research interests under the D0111 application code |
| 研究对象 | 研究要素性质 | 合计 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然要素为主 | 自然人文要素交叉 | 人文要素为主 | ||
| 生态资源 | 1（16.67） | 6（18.75） | 1（6.25） | 8（14.81） |
| 土壤 | 4（28.57） | 3（25） | — | 7（26.92） |
| 农用地 | 1（25） | 9（21.95） | 6（17.65） | 16（20.25） |
| 建设用地 | 3（37.5） | 5（12.5） | 4（11.11） | 12（14.29） |
| 土地系统 | 1（9.09） | 17（24.29） | 2（13.33） | 20（20.83） |
| 水资源 | 1（16.67） | 2（11.11） | 1（14.29） | 4（12.9） |
| 矿产能源 | 1（50） | 0（0） | 2（33.33） | 3（20） |
| 生物资源 | 3（37.5） | 0（0） | 1（25） | 4（20） |
| 合计 | 15（25.42） | 42（18.42） | 17（14.41） | 74（18.27） |
| 注：括号中为资助率（%），下同。 |
表3 2022年D0111申请代码下不同研究方向资助格局Table 3 The pattern of the 2022 funded projects in different research interests under the D0111 application code |
| 研究对象 | 研究要素性质 | 合计 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然要素为主 | 自然人文要素交叉 | 人文要素为主 | ||
| 生态资源 | 1（12.5） | 3（10.34） | 2（15.38） | 6（12） |
| 土壤 | 4（23.53） | 1（7.69） | — | 5（16.67） |
| 农用地 | 3（50） | 13（34.21） | 8（22.86） | 24（30.38） |
| 建设用地 | 0（0） | 7（22.58） | 7（23.33） | 14（22.22） |
| 土地系统 | 0（0） | 10（17.86） | 3（18.75） | 13（16.46） |
| 水资源 | 0（0） | 1（8.33） | 0（0） | 1（5.88） |
| 矿产能源 | 0（0） | 2（28.57） | 1（33.33） | 3（23.08） |
| 生物资源 | 0（0） | 0（0） | 0（0） | 0（0） |
| 合计 | 8（15.38） | 37（19.47） | 21（20.59） | 66（19.19） |
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自然资源分类对自然资源管理和资源科学学科体系建设与发展具有重要科学价值与现实意义。基于自然资源的科学内涵,通过追踪公开发表的中英文文献,从理论到实践,系统梳理与对比分析了自然资源的传统与经典、学理与属性、法理与管理等分类特征及其发展。综述表明：自然资源分类聚焦于学理、法理和管理三方面,在学理分类上国内外保持相对一致性,但法理与管理分类上差异较大;现行分类存在体系繁多、边界重叠、交叉重复等问题。国际上,20世纪初期以前单门类或特定区域资源分类研究已相当深入,自然资源分类成为资源科学研究的主要内容之一;1960年代以来,日臻完善的资源科学学科体系推动自然资源分类研究进入新的发展时期,地理学、资源学、生态学、经济学、环境科学等分类思想“群星荟萃”,尽管迄今仍未形成统一的自然资源分类体系,但已构成自然资源学理分类的思想基础。在中国,自然资源分类研究大抵以20世纪50—60年代开展的自然资源综合科学考察为分水岭,单门类资源分类研究发展较快、综合分类体系初见端倪;系统性、综合性的分类研究始于20世纪末期,以中国自然资源学会成立及《中国资源科学百科全书》问世为重要标志,尤以自然资源属性和用途的多级分类方法应用广泛。目前国内总体处于统一自然资源分类探索阶段,在政策层面已得到自然资源部等部门的高度重视。鉴于此,有必要科学认识和厘清不同自然资源分类的特征与作用,以期对自然资源分类标准化和自然资源管理现代化有所裨益。
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The unification of classification standards of natural resources is of great significance for the integrated management of natural resources and development of Resources Science. Based on the scientific connotation of natural resources, this article compared and summarized the tradition and classics, theories and attributes, and jurisprudence and management of natural resources classifications and their evolution process. This preliminary review typically relied on the currently available historical English literature (including published papers, books, and reports) and some literature in Chinese. The review showed that the classification of natural resources mainly focuses on three aspects of theories, principles, and management. Compared with the first aspect, the latter two of classifications showed larger differences in China and internationally. In particular, the existing natural resources classification cannot well avoid the overlap of natural resource management and the classification standards are not uniform. Internationally, many scholars have conducted in-depth studies and analyses on single category or specific region of resources classification in the early 1990s. Then new developments were achieved in Geography, Ecology, Resources Science, Economics, and Environmental Science in the 1960s. Overall, international methodologies provide a basis for the classification of natural resources in China, although there is still a lack of a standard set of classification theories. In China, the massive comprehensive surveys of natural resources (1950s-1960s) are a turning point in the study on the classification of natural resources. Thereafter, research on single category natural resources classification (e.g., land resources and water resources) has developed rapidly, while comprehensive classification remains sparse, sporadic, and scattered. It was not until the late 1990s that the establishment of the China Society of Natural Resources (1983) and the publication of China Encyclopedia of Resources Science (2000) symbolized the born of systematic and comprehensive classification of natural resources in China. In particular, the multilevel classification method based on the uses and attributes of natural resources is widely used. At present, studies related to the integrated classification of natural resources in China are at their developing stage, and the unified classification system has gained much attention from national decision-making departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources the People’s Republic of China. In view of the situation, it is necessary to recognize and clarify the characteristics and functions of different classifications of natural resources for standardization and modernization of management and classification of natural resources. {{custom_citation.content}}
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对自然资源进行统一的科学分类是开展自然资源调查评价、履行其管理职责、编制国土空间规划、实施山水林田湖草的整体保护、系统修复和综合治理、实现自然资源治理能力现代化等重大战略任务的最基础性前期工作。针对学术界、管理层和实际工作者对自然资源分类的不同意见和分歧,本文创新性地从空间、属性、用途、管理等视角提出了一个含有3个一级大类、11种二级门类、62种三级类别的新分类框架和分类方案。该方案不仅区分了自然资源的地理空间,便于分类管理和实际操作,而且区分了自然资源的不同用途与属性,很好地反映了作为物质或能量的自然资源与作为环境条件的自然要素之间类型上的差异性。研究成果为推进自然资源分类体系的完善,并与国际接轨、提升自然资源治理现代化能力,以及推动自然资源管理部门与生态环境、农田水利、国土空间规划、城乡建设等部门在自然资源、国土空间、生态修复等重大任务和目标上的有机衔接,具有重要应用价值和现实意义。
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The scientific classification of natural resources is the most basic preliminary work for carrying out the investigation and evaluation of natural resources, fulfilling its management responsibilities, preparing spatial planning, implementing the overall protection of landscape, forest, land, lake, and grass (Shan-Shui-Lin-Tian-Hu-Cao, in Chinese) and systematic restoration and comprehensive management, and realizing the modernization of natural resources governance. In view of the different opinions and differences of academic researchers, management authority, and practitioners on natural resources classification, this article creatively proposes a new classification framework and classification scheme with three primary categories, 11 secondary categories, and 62 third-level categories from the perspective of space, attribute, use, and management of natural resources. The scheme not only distinguishes the geographical space of natural resources, facilitates differentiated management and practical operation, but also distinguishes different uses and attributes of natural resources, which well reflects the difference between natural resources as matter or energy and natural elements as environmental conditions. The results of this research have application value and practical significance for promoting the improvement of natural resources classification system and international integration, enhancing the modernization of natural resources management, and promoting the intrinsic connection between natural resources management departments and ecological environment, farmland and water conservancy, spatial planning, and urban and rural construction departments with regard to the key tasks and objectives for natural resources, territorial space, and ecological restoration. {{custom_citation.content}}
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熊巨华, 高阳, 吴浩, 等. 国家自然科学基金视角下地理科学融合发展路径探索. 地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 1839-1850.
随着整体科学的进步和国家社会的发展,地理科学已迈入跨学科交叉融合发展的新阶段。通过学科间和领域间的深度融合寻求新发展路径,完善知识体系,充分发挥服务国家社会之功能,是当前地理科学发展的当务之急。本文基于自然科学基金视角,分析了中国地理科学融合发展的现状与问题,认为其与国际前沿未充分接轨,研究的全球政治、经济、文化影响力有待加强,认为地理科学融合国家重大需求进行理论与技术创新的能力有待提升,认为学科内部体系要根据知识融合需求进一步优化。在此基础上,提出了资助政策引导下地理科学面向世界科技前沿的学科交叉融合、面向国家重大战略的多领域交叉融合和面向申请代码优化布局的分支学科交叉三大融合发展路径与相应政策工具。未来国家自然科学基金委员会将立足于保持学科发展的持续性和稳定性,通过政策创新来激励地理科学与其它学科、领域的交叉融合,以建设更具有活力与创新性的学术生态系统。
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With the progress of holistic science and human society, development of geographical sciences has entered a new stage of interdisciplinary integration. Under this context, geographical sciences urgently needs to seek new paths through the deep integration of disciplines to better improve the knowledge system and contribute to the country and society development effectively. Based on the perspective of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), this paper firstly deeply analyzes the current status and problems of the integration and development of geographical sciences in China, and points out that it is not fully integrated with the frontier of international geographical sciences, and the global political, economic and cultural influence of geographical research in China needs to be strengthened; considers that the ability of Geographic Sciences integrating national major practical needs for theoretical and technological innovation should be improved; suggests that the internal discipline system of geographical sciences in China should be further optimized according to the needs of knowledge integration. Then, this paper proposes three paths for the integrated development of geographical sciences under the guidance of funding policies, that is, the interdisciplinary integration facing the frontiers of science and technology in the world, the multiple fields integration facing the major national development strategies, and inner-discipline integration facing the optimized application codes of NSFC. In future, based on maintaining the continuity and stability of the development of disciplines, the NSFC will encourage the integration of geographical sciences with other disciplines and fields through the improvement and innovation, so as to promote and build a healthier and more innovative system. {{custom_citation.content}}
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熊巨华, 王佳, 史云飞, 等. 国家自然科学基金地理科学申请代码的调整优化. 地理学报, 2020, 75(11): 2283-2297.
学科申请代码调整优化是国家自然科学基金委员会“科学基金学科布局改革”任务的重要组成部分和切入点。本文回顾了地理学科申请代码的历史沿革,系统梳理了当前版本地理学科申请代码存在的问题,论述了新版（2021版）申请代码体系的架构理念、遵循原则、形成过程,着重阐释了新申请代码的历史沿革、科学内涵与学科定位。新版申请代码体系较以往版本有以下4个显著特征：① 逻辑更自洽,一级代码名称由“地理学（D01）”改为“地理科学（D01）”;② 学科更融合,取消三级申请代码,仅设二级申请代码,更能体现学科的交叉融合;③ 领域更全面,针对学科发展趋势及经济社会发展需求,增加了“灾害地理”“土地科学”“地理大数据与空间智能”等新兴学科、领域的代码;④ 技术更重视,增设“地理观测与模拟技术”,鼓励面向地理科学问题研究所需关键工具、仪器的研制。
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The adjustment and optimization of discipline application code is an important part and breakthrough point of the task of "science foundation discipline layout reform" of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This paper reviewed the historical evolution of the application code of geography discipline, systematically sorted out the problems existing in the current version of the application code for geography discipline, discussed the framework concept, principles and formation process of the new version (2021 Edition) application code system, and emphatically explained the historical evolution, scientific connotation and discipline orientation of the new application code. Compared with the previous versions, the new version of the application code system has the following four unique features: (1) The logic of the system is more reasonable; the first level code name has been changed from "Geography (D01)" to "Geographical Science (D01)". (2) The disciplines are more integrated by setting the second-level application code instead of the three-level application code, which can better reflect the interdisciplinary integration. (3) The fields are more comprehensive; according to the development trend of disciplines and the needs of economic and social development, codes of emerging disciplines and fields such as "disaster geography", "land science", and "geographic big data and spatial intelligence" have been added to the list. (4) More attention has been given to technology, namely, "geographic observation and simulation tools" are identified to encourage the development of key tools and instruments for the research of geographical issues. {{custom_citation.content}}
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刘纪远, 匡文慧, 张增祥, 等. 20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 3-14.
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Land-Use/land Cover Changes (LUCC) are a direct consequence of human and nature interactions. China's Land Use/cover Datasets (CLUD) were updated regularly at five-year intervals from the late 1980s to the year of 2010 with standard procedures based on Landsat TM/ETM + images. A dynamic zoning method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows: Land-Use Changes (LUC) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the past 20 years between the 20th and 21st centuries. The amount of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from northeast to northwest. The built-up lands were expanded rapidly, which were mainly distributed in the east and gradually spread out to the midwest. Woodland decreased first and then increased, but desert area was inverted. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the coastal areas of southeastern China, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; (2) the shifted land reclamation in the north from Northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in Northwest China; (3) the continuous transform from rain-fed farmlands in Northeast China to paddy fields; and (4) the effectiveness of the “Grain-for-Green” project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and mountainous areas of southwestern China. In recent two decades, although climate change in the north impacted the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The "dynamic zoning method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the reasons for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.
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2018年8月6-10日,国际地理联合会2018年区域会议在加拿大魁北克城召开。会议围绕“尊重差异、包容多样”的主题展开,吸引了全球1500余名专家学者汇聚魁北克城,研讨国际地理学的最新进展。当前国际地理学的发展倡导尊重差异的地理教育理念,强调在变化与差异中实现社会—自然系统的耦合,注重地理信息科学的创新学术价值,聚焦全球化与区域性的融合发展。对中国学者的启示主要为：把握地理学多样化的发展趋势;发展基于学科交叉的综合性理论和方法;创新地理教育以推动全球差异化、多元化的发展。作为国际地理联合会执委会和委员代表工作会议的重要成果,选举产生了新的执委成员,傅伯杰院士正式任职国际地理联合会副主席。
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The 2018 International Geographical Union Regional Conference was held on August 6 to 10, in Quebec City, Canada. "Appreciating Difference" is the theme of the conference. This session is the largest conference in Canada's geography-related conferences, attracting more than 1,500 experts and scholars around the world to gather in Quebec City to discuss the latest developments in geography. The current development of international geography advocates the concept of geography education that respects differences, emphasizes the coupling of social-natural systems in change and difference, pays attention to the innovative academic value of geographic information science, and focuses on the integration of globalization and regional development. The enlightenment to Chinese scholars is mainly reflected in: Grasping the development trend of geographical diversity; developing comprehensive theories and methods based on interdisciplinary research; reshaping geography education to promote global differentiation and diversification. As an important result of the working meeting of the International Geographical Union and its members' representatives, a new member of the executive committee was elected, and academician Bojie Fu? was formally appointed vice chairman of the International Geographical Union. {{custom_citation.content}}
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本文强调了前辈地理学家提出的关于地理学是介于自然科学和社会科学之间的交叉学科的观点。从中国国家需求及当代国际地理学的发展趋势,从理论与实践的结合上论述了地理科学的学科对象、学科性质及区域性、综合性、知识结构等方面的特点,特别突出地阐述了地理科学与纯自然科学或纯社会科学的诸多不同点。提倡地理学家要十分关注中国的环境变化及带来的严重的可持续发展问题,并发挥综合和交叉研究的优势。此外还指出中国地理学面临着重要的发展机遇,也出现了深刻的危机。
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This paper focuses on the viewpoint proposed by predecessors of geography and they believed that geography is interdiscipline subject between natural science and social science. From the perspective of national demand and development trend of international geography, this paper explains the objects and nature of geographical science and characters of region as well as comprehensive characteristics and knowledge structure. Besides, it elaborates the differences among geography, natural science and social science and advocates that geographers should concentrate on the China's environmental changes and the issues of sustainable development and further fulfil the advantages of interdiscipline and comprehensive subject. Finally, this paper proposes that China's geographical science is faced with the significant opportunities and some deep-seated crises. {{custom_citation.content}}
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The subjectivity and objectivity are an important pair of category of the geographical methodology, and the problem about them focuses on whether scholars should introduce their values into the process of scientific study. This paper defines the values and purposes of geographers as subjective things, and the external scientific or philosophical theories as objective things for geography. According to analysis of the category of objectivity, we firstly show that there is a kind of features cross-paralleled on specialization and interdisciplination in the course of scientific development. Secondly, the theoretical pluralism of the scientific philosophy have strongly influenced the geographical methodology: the frequent interdisciplinary researches after World War II have helped us to expand the scope of the geographical thoughts and contents; and with the theoretical evolvement of the scientific philosophy from Kuhn's Paradigm to Lakatos's Research Programs to Feyerabend's theory of "Anything goes", the geographical methodology has undergone the process from a single paradigm to the pluralism. Finally, the theories of sociology of scientific knowledge make many geographers feel that geographical knowledge often develops under the special social and cultural context so that there is not methodological consensus, and geography is reshaped by rhetoric and discourse. According to analysis of the category of subjectivity, we intend to indicate that the researchers can not break away from and get rid of his value judgments, and their value can not be "neutral" in the study. For the value judgments in the course of research, scholars should be wary of it and hold the principle of strict and integrated logic. As for the teleology, the destination of the whole study lies in "return to self" like humanism, that is from the subject back to the awareness for us. In short, in combination of subjectivity with objectivity, the methodology, including geographical methodology, is the product of interaction between the general rule of scientific and philosophical development and the values and purposes of the scholar himself or herself. {{custom_citation.content}}
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傅伯杰. 地理学: 从知识、科学到决策. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 1923-1932.
地理学是研究地理要素或者地理综合体空间分布规律、时间演变过程和区域特征的一门学科,是自然科学与人文科学的交叉,具有综合性、交叉性和区域性的特点。随着地理信息技术发展与研究方法变革,新时期的地理学正在向地理科学进行华丽转身,研究主题更加强调陆地表层系统的综合研究,研究范式经历着从地理学知识描述、格局与过程耦合,向复杂人地系统的模拟和预测转变。在服务国内重大需求和国际全球战略过程中,地理学正在扮演愈发重要的角色,在新型城镇化、生态环境保护、水土资源管理、地缘政治等领域拥有广阔发展前景。中国地理学正面临前所未有的机遇,需要紧紧围绕国家重大需求,创新发展综合性的理论、方法和技术,逐步形成具有鲜明中国特色、深远国际影响的地理科学体系,为中国和全球的可持续发展服务。
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Geography is a subject to explore spatial distribution, time evolution and regional characteristics of geographical elements or geographical complexes. Geography is unique in bridging social sciences and natural sciences, and has characteristics of comprehensiveness, interdisciplinary research and regionalism. With the development of geographical science technology and research methods, geography is in the gorgeous historical process towards geographical science. Research themes of geography are focusing on the comprehensive research on the earth surface. The research paradigms of geography are shifting from geography knowledge description, coupling pattern and process, to the simulation and prediction of complex human and earth system. The development of Chinese geography needs to be rooted in the major needs of national strategy, and plays important roles in the studies of urbanization development, coupling ecological processes and services, water resources management and geopolitics. Under the country's major needs, China's geography tends to achieve the geography theory innovation, new method and technology application and developed disciplinary system with Chinese characteristics, and make more contribution to national and global sustainable development. {{custom_citation.content}}
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