
黄河流域人居环境的地方性与适应性:挑战和机遇
汪芳, 苗长虹, 刘峰贵, 陈兴鹏, 米文宝, 海春兴, 段德罡, 王金平, 张占仓, 王成新
自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1) : 1-26.
黄河流域人居环境的地方性与适应性:挑战和机遇
The locality and adaptability of human settlements in the Yellow River Basin: Challenges and opportunities
黄河流域由于自然环境、地理区位的特殊性,其人居环境处于不断变化的复杂过程中,并且始终面临着严峻挑战。而人居环境空间与自然、社会各要素的耦合过程,源于人地关系变化进程中呈现出的动态、综合、系统性的适应机制。因而揭示系统适应性机制是解决黄河流域人居环境困境的关键。为此,本文以“地方性与适应性”为视角,邀请来自黄河流域青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西、河南、山东等省区的专家学者,从自然地理、社会经济、城乡发展、遗产保护等视角解读黄河流域的人居环境特征,并为适应中国新型城镇化路径寻找可持续策略。核心观点如下:总体而言,黄河流域的人居环境适应性具有多尺度空间关联性和历史地理依赖性;黄河流域承担着重要的生态功能,但不同区段的自然环境面临着土地盐碱化、水土流失、环境污染等问题,需要推动人地耦合关系的绿色化;黄河流域特别是上游沿线聚落具有鲜明的开放性、民族文化多样性和交融性特色,多民族协同共荣发展是必由之路;黄河中上游因复杂的自然环境形成了窑洞等特殊的聚落空间,在快速城镇化进程中面临着转变和消失,留住传统聚落的文化基因,亟需分级分类推进其演化进程;黄河流域城市群的内外辐射带动是流域全境高质量发展的基础,城市结构的优化提升是推动高质量发展的重要途径,实现可持续发展还需要科技创新和产业结构转型升级。
Due to the particularity of natural environment and geographical location, the human settlement environment of the Yellow River Basin is in a complex process of constant changes and is always facing severe challenges. The coupling process of human environment space with natural and social elements originates from the dynamic, comprehensive and systematic adaptation mechanism presented in the process of human-land relationship change, so revealing the system adaptation mechanism is the key to solve the human environment dilemma in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, based on the perspective of "locality and adaptability", this paper invited experts and scholars from Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong along the Yellow River and other provinces. They interpreted the characteristics of human settlements in the Yellow River Basin from the perspectives of natural geography, social economy, urban and rural development, and heritage protection, and sought sustainable strategies to adapt to China's new urbanization path. The main points are stated as follows: On the whole, the adaptability of human settlements in the study area has multi-scale spatial correlation and historical geographic dependence. The Yellow River Basin has an important ecological function, but the natural environment in different regions is facing such problems as land salinization, soil erosion and pollution, etc., so it is necessary to promote the greening of human-land coupling relationship. The Yellow River Basin, especially the cities along the upper reaches of the river, have distinct characteristics of openness, ethnic cultural diversity and integration. Due to the complex natural environment, caves and other special settlements have been formed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. In the process of rapid urbanization, they are faced with transformation and disappearance, retaining the cultural genes of traditional settlements, and it is urgent to classify and treat them differently to promote their healthy evolution. The internal and external radiation drive of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin is the foundation of high-quality development throughout the river basin, and the optimization and upgrading of urban structure is an important way to promote high-quality development. To achieve sustainable development, scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure transformation and upgrading are also needed.
人居环境 / 地方性 / 适应性 / 可持续发展 / 黄河流域 {{custom_keyword}} /
human settlement / locality / adaptability / sustainable development / Yellow River Basin {{custom_keyword}} /
图4 陇中黄土高原堡子、高角屋Fig. 4 Baozi and Gaojiaofang of the Loess Plateau in Longzhong area |
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