当前,我国已经全面进入大众旅游时代,旅游业持续领跑宏观经济,并成为带动区域发展的支柱产业。旅游资源是传统旅游业的发展基础,我国是旅游资源大国,处理好旅游资源保护与利用的关系、实现创新发展是旅游资源研究的关键。来自旅游地理研究领域的16位青年学者,以笔谈方式探讨了新时期、新阶段下旅游资源保护与利用的基本思路,从旅游发展的新特征、资源价值的新认知、开发与保护的新方式以及针对专项资源的保护开发的新对策等方面重新定义新时代旅游资源研究的重点,核心观点整理如下:(1)随着旅游业的发展,大众旅游方式变化推动旅游产业革新,旅游资源的内涵也相应不断丰富。新时代旅游资源的重构、泛化和组合的变化需要重新对旅游资源进行识别、划分和评价,未来资源仍是旅游产业发展的基础,需要合理认知旅游资源的新特征和新价值。(2)新时代,传统资源开发的条件趋严,坚守生态底线是发展的基础。从供给端看,资源转化为产品的过程中,要尊重市场规律,面向游客新需求,以深入挖掘文化内涵为重点,借助科技新手段,创新资源开发新模式,推出受游客欢迎的旅游产品,从而激发旅游资源的市场价值属性,推动区域旅游产业升级,实现资源、资本、资产的可持续发展。(3)从需求端看,捕捉客群变化特征,构建社会规范和文明旅游新方式,从多方面引导游客主动保护旅游资源的行为,从而形成推动旅游资源保护和开发协调的新思路。(4)旅游资源的类型丰富,决定了旅游资源保护与开发方式的多样化:针对乡村旅游资源,要在资源评估的基础上,重新认识其新价值,在乡村振兴战略的引领下,因地制宜,以产业集聚为突破,重视乡村社区利益,推动乡村旅游资源的创新利用和可持续发展;针对农业文化遗产资源,在可持续发展的基础上,活态利用,构建多方参与的新机制;针对人文旅游资源,需要挖掘人文旅游资源本真性,融入传统文化,促进文化传承与旅游产业的互动发展;针对山地民族旅游资源,在时代价值重新认知的基础上要重视其地域系统的独特性,基于人地关系整体化保护与开发;针对民宿旅游,重视其转化农村闲置资源的重要功能,强化生态保护,构建民宿旅游集聚区。
Abstract
Nowadays, China has fully come into the massive tourism era. Tourism continuously occupies one most quickly growing industry in the macro-economy and becomes a strategic pillar industry in regional economic development. Since China is rich in tourism resources, which are the foundation of conventional tourism development, it is crucial to deal with the relationship between property protection and utilization of tourism resources, meanwhile, achieving innovative development. In this issue, 16 young tourism geographers discuss tourism resources protection and utilization in the new era. They clarify a set of key points about tourism resources research, including new knowledge of value, new ways to protect and use, and new discussions for special resources. The main points state as follows. (1) Massive tourism mode changing bring the industry innovation, as well as resources' meaning expansion. In the new era, by embracing a perspective of construction, generalization, and a combination of tourism resources, we need to rethink how to define, classify and evaluate these resources. In the future, resources will still be the basis of tourism development, which should capture more reasonable recognition of their new characteristics and values. (2) Under the constraints of ecological reserves, controls in exploitation of traditional resources will be more severe. From the supply-side, considering the transformation from resources to products, we should take more measures such as complying with the market rules, meeting tourists' new needs, excavating cultural senses, creating new developing paths amid new technologies support, and forming popular products. These measures will be beneficial to stimulate the marketing values, upgrade the regional industry, and realize to coordinate resources, capital, and assets in a sustainable way. (3) From the demand-side, we should be aware of the common changes of tourists, lead to new behavioral norms in civilized tourism, and guide the tourists to protect resources spontaneously, which will rewardingly balance environmental protection and industrial development. (4) Abundant resources require diverse approaches to protect and rationally use. In light of rural tourism resources, we should assess their new value, follow the strategy of rural vitalization, suit measures to local conditions, pay main concerns on tourism agglomerations, consider local communities' interests, and innovatively promote sustainable development. Based primarily on sustainability, agricultural heritages re-use needs to be concerned about novel multi-participation machinery dynamically. For human tourism resources, it is necessary to maintain authenticity with traditional culture integration, and coordinate cultural inheritance and tourism growth. Mentioned with ethnic tourism resources in mountainous region, we suggest paying attention to the uniqueness of regional system, taking account of the contemporary value and human-land relationship, and then adopting appropriate measures. Besides, owing to homestay's role in activating rural stacks, it is recommended to enhance ecological protection, and boost the homestay cluster.
关键词
新时代 /
保护利用 /
旅游资源 /
创新发展 /
研究
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
new era /
research /
protection /
tourism resources /
development
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 夏杰长, 徐金海. 中国旅游业改革开放40年: 回顾与展望. 经济与管理研究, 2018, 39(6): 3-14.
[XIA J C, XU J H.40 years of reform and opening-up of China's tourism industry: Review and prospect. Research on Economy and Management, 2018, 39(6): 3-14.]
[2] 谷树忠, 胡咏君, 周洪. 生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径. 资源科学, 2013, 35(1): 2-13.
[GU S Z, HU Y J, ZHOU H.Scientific connotation and basic path of ecological civilization construction. Resources Science, 2013, 35(1): 2-13.]
[3] 郝庆, 邓玲, 封志明. 国土空间规划中的承载力反思: 概念、理论与实践. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2073-2086.
[HAO Q, DENG L, FENG Z M.Carrying capacity reconsidered in spatial planning: Concepts, methods and applications. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(10): 2073-2086.]
[4] 郭来喜, 吴必虎, 刘锋, 等. 中国旅游资源分类系统与类型评价. 地理学报, 2000, 55(3): 294-301.
[GUO L X, WU B H, LIU F.Study on the tourist resources classification system and types evaluation in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(3): 294-301.]
[5] 中华人民共和国国家旅游局. GB/T 18972-2003旅游资源分类、调查与评价. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2003.
[National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China. Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources GB/T 18972-2003. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2003.]
[6] 邓涛涛, 王丹丹, 刘璧如. “资源诅咒”理论在旅游研究中的应用: 综述与启示. 旅游学刊, 2017, 11: 63-71.
[DENG T T, WANG D D, LIU B R.Application of resource curse theory in tourism research: Review and enlightenment. Journal of Tourism Science, 2017, 11: 63-71.]
[7] 廖淑凤, 郭为. 旅游有效供给与供给侧改革: 原因与路径. 旅游论坛, 2016, 9(6): 10-16.
[LIAO S F, GU W.Effective supply and supply-side reform of tourism: Reasons and paths. Tourism Forum, 2016, 9(6): 10-16.]
[8] 住房和城乡建设部, 文化部, 国家文物局, 财政部. 关于开展传统村落调查的通知. http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201204/t20120423_209619.html, 2012-04-16.
[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Culture, National Cultural Heritage Administration, Ministry of Finance. Notice on Surveying Traditional Cultural Villages. http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201204/t20120423_209619.html, 2012-04-16.]
[9] 黄波, 杨增雄, 张强. 云南省元江旅游资源开发的SWOT分析. 生态经济, 2009, 219(12): 179-183.
[HUANG B, YANG Z X, ZHANG Q.SWOT-analysis on tourism resources development of Yuanjiang in Yunnan province. Ecological Economy, 2009, 219(12): 179-183.]
[10] 王成志. 新时代我国发展优质旅游的必然性与关键问题研究. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(10): 5-6.
[WANG C Z.Research on the necessity and key problems of developing high-quality tourism in China in the new era. Tourism Tribune, 2018, 33(10): 5-6.]
[11] 中华人民共和国文化和旅游部. 2018年文化和旅游发展统计公报. 2019.
[Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China. Statistical Bulletin on Cultural and Tourism Development 2018. 2019.]
[12] 董红梅, 赵景波. 中国高等级旅游资源数量与旅游人数、旅游收入的关系研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2011, 25(2): 173-177.
[DONG H M, ZHAO J B.Relationship between the abundances of tourism resources and the development of tourism industry in China. Journal of Arid Land Resources And Environment, 2011, 25(2): 173-177.]
[13] 左冰. 旅游能打破资源诅咒吗: 基于中国31个省(市、区)的比较研究. 商业经济与管理, 2013, 1(5): 60-69.
[ZUO B.Can tourism break the resource curse: A comparative study of 31 provinces (cities and areas) in China. Journal of Bussiness Economics, 2013, 1(5): 60-69.]
[14] 杨世河, 章锦河, 王浩, 等. 城乡旅游一体化研究. 经济地理, 2008, 28(1): 142-146.
[YANG S H, ZHANG J H, WANG, H.Research on the integration of urban and rural tourism. Economic Geography, 2008, 28(1): 142-146.]
[15] 张英男, 龙花楼, 马历, 等. 城乡关系研究进展及其对乡村振兴的启示. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 578-594.
[ZHANG Y N, LONG H L, MA L, et al.Research progress of urban-rural relations and its implications for rural revitalization. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(3): 578-594.]
[16] 张军. 乡村价值定位与乡村振兴. 中国农村经济, 2018, 1: 2-10.
[ZHANG J.Rural value orientation and rural revitalization. Rural Economy of China, 2018, 1: 2-10.]
[17] LI Y.Urban-rural interaction patterns and dynamic land use: Implications for urban-rural integration in China. Regional Environmental Change, 2012, 12(4): 803-812.
[18] LOTHIAN A.Landscape and the philosophy of aesthetics: Is landscape quality inherent in the landscape or in the eye of the beholder?. Landscape & Urban Planning, 1999, 44(4): 177-198.
[19] KOTCHEN M J, REILING S D.Environmental attitudes, motivations, and contingent valuation of nonuse values: A case study involving endangered species. Ecological Economics, 2000, 32(1): 93-107.
[20] 邹宏霞, 于吉京, 苑伟娟. 湖南乡村旅游资源整合与竞争力提升探析. 经济地理, 2009, 29(4): 678-682.
[ZHOU H X, YU J J, YUAN J J.Conformity and competency improvement of rural tourist resource, Hunan province. Economic Geography, 2009, 29(4): 678-682.]
[21] 刘沛林, 于海波. 旅游开发中的古村落乡村性传承评价: 以北京市门头沟区爨底下村为例. 地理科学, 2012, 32(11): 1304-1310.
[LIU P L, YU H B.Study on the AHP model of rurality inheritance in the ancient village of tourism development: A case study of Chuandixia village, mentougou District, Beijing. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(11): 1304-1310.]
[22] 臧玉珠, 刘彦随, 杨园园, 等. 中国精准扶贫土地整治的典型模式. 地理研究, 2019, 38(4): 856-868.
[ZHANG Y Z, LIU Y S, YANG Y Y, et al.Typical models of land consolidation for poverty alleviation. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(4): 856-868.]
[23] 陈佳, 张丽琼, 杨新军, 等. 乡村旅游开发对农户生计和社区旅游效应的影响: 旅游开发模式视角的案例实证. 地理研究, 2017, 36(9): 1709-1724.
[CHEN J, ZHANG L Q, YANG X J, et al.The impact of tourism development on changes of households' livelihood and community tourism effect: A case study based on the perspective of tourism development mode. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(9): 1709-1724.]
[24] 中商产业研究院. 中国乡村旅游业市场前景研究报告. 2018.
[China Business Industry Research Institute. Research Report on the Market Prospects of Rural Tourism in China. 2018.]
[25] 李涛. 中国乡村旅游投资发展过程及其主体特征演化. 中国农村观察, 2018, (4): 132-144.
[LI T.The development of rural tourism investment and evolution of investors' characteristics. China Rural Survey, 2018, (4): 132-144.]
[26] 李涛. 乡村旅游集聚区发展演化及空间成长路径分析. 南京: 南京师范大学, 2016.
[LI T.Analysis on the evolution and spatial growth path of rural tourism agglomeration area. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2016.]
[27] BOORSTIN D J.The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. Vintage, 1961.
[28] MACCANNELL D.Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 1973, 79(3): 589-603.
[29] BRUNER E M.Abraham lincoln as authentic reproduction: A critique of postmodernism. American Anthropologist, 1994, 96(2): 397-415.
[30] 王唤明, 薛华. 古村落真实性旅游资源的开发和保护研究. 安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报, 2013, (1): 104-107.
[WANG H M, XUE H.Research on the development and protection of authentic tourism resources in ancient villages. Journal of Anhui Vocational College of Electronics & Information Technology, 2013, (1): 104-107.]
[31] 曾本祥. 中国旅游扶贫研究综述. 旅游学刊, 2006, 21(2): 89-94.
[ZENG B X.Literature review on the research of tourism eliminating poverty in China. Tourism Tribune, 2006, 21(2): 89-94.]
[32] 罗康隆, 杨庭硕. 中国各民族农业遗产的特殊价值分析. 资源科学, 2011, 33(6): 1025-1031.
[LUO K L, YANG S T.On special value of agricultural heritage of ethnic groups in China. Resource Science, 2011, 33(6): 1025-1031.]
[33] 孙九霞, 刘相军. 生计方式变迁对民族旅游村寨自然环境的影响: 以雨崩村为例. 广西民族大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2015, 37(3): 78-85.
[SUN J X, LIU X J. Influence of changes in livelihood means on the natural environment of the ethnic tourist villages: An tourism anthropological investigation of Yubeng village. Journal of Guangxi University For Nationalites: Soc, 2015, 37(3): 78-85.]
[34] 胡静, 王蓉, 李亚娟, 等. 基于网络信息的民族地区旅游资源吸引力评价: 以贵州省黔东南州为例. 经济地理, 2018, 38(4): 200-207.
[HU J, WANG R, LI Y J, et al.Evaluation of tourism resources attraction in ethnic areas based on network information: A case study of Qiandongnan in Guizhou province. Economic Geography, 2018, 38(4): 200-207.]
[35] 李亚娟, 虞虎, 陈田, 等. 民族社区旅游研究进展及展望. 人文地理, 2018, 33(2): 1-10.
[LI Y J, YU H, CHEN T, et al.Research progress and prospect of ethnic community tourism. Human Geography, 2018, 33(2): 1-10.]
[36] LI YJ, TURNER S, CUI H Y.Confrontations and concessions: An everyday politics of tourism in three ethnic minority villages, Guizhou province, China. Journal of Tourism & Cultural Change, 2016, 14(1): 45-61.
[37] KERKVLIET B J T, BORRAS S M, JR. Everyday politics in peasant societies (and ours). Journal of Peasant Studies, 2009, 36(1): 227-243.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41801139)
{{custom_fund}}