长春地区食物链氮素养分流动趋势与特征分析

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160433

PDF(5029 KB)

自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2) : 255-265. DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160433

资源评价

长春地区食物链氮素养分流动趋势与特征分析

张晓萌^{1, 2}, 王寅^{1, 2}, 焉莉^{1, 2}, 高强^{1, 2, *}

作者信息 +

The Trend and Characteristics of Nitrogen Nutrition in the Food Chain in Changchun

ZHANG Xiao-meng^{1, 2}, WANG Yin^{1, 2}, YAN Li^{1, 2}, GAO Qiang^{1, 2}

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

氮素养分管理问题一直是国内外关注的热点。论文通过整理统计资料和文献数据,利用NUFER（Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use）模型,研究了长春地区1993—2013年食物链的氮素流动趋势特征,旨在为该地区氮素的优化管理和相关政策制定提供参考。研究结果表明：1993年长春地区食物链系统氮素的总输入量为26.4×10⁴t,至2013年增长至50.8×10⁴t;食品生产方面,动物性食品的氮素流量由1993年的0.7×10⁴ t增长至2013年的2.3×10⁴ t,而植物性食品氮素流量则由7.1×10⁴ t减少至6.7×10⁴ t;食品消费方面,动、植物性食品氮素流量分别由1993年的0.5×10⁴和3.3×10⁴ t增长至2013年的1.4×10⁴和3.6×10⁴ t。20 a间,长春地区食物链各环节的氮素养分利用率均呈下降趋势,其中畜禽和作物生产系统的氮素利用率分别由14.5%和56.1%降至13.2%和48.0%,整个食物链系统的氮素利用率由16.9%下降为10.6%,而与此同时氮素的损失率则由38.2%提高为48.7%。可见,随着经济发展和社会变革,长春地区食物链系统的氮素流动量大幅增加,而氮素利用效率则大幅下降。现阶段,该地区农牧生产和家庭消费中应注意含氮废弃物的管理与循环利用,减少氮素损失,从而提高利用效率。

Abstract

Nitrogen nutrient management has been a hot topic in the world. Nowadays, the way of evaluating nitrogen nutrient management from the perspective of food chain has attracted much attention. However, most of the researches are mainly confined to the longitudinal flow of the food chain, and the research on the whole nutrient flow of the food chain is more helpful to provide guidance for the rational management and allocation of nitrogen. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of nitrogen management in Changchun area. Based on the NUFER model, the trend characteristics of nitrogen flow in the food chain from 1993 to 2013 in Changchun area was studied by collating literature and statistics data. The results showed that the total input of nitrogen increased from 26.4×10⁴ t in 1993 to 50.8×10⁴ t in 2013 in food chain system in Changchun. In the food production aspect, the nitrogen flow of animal-derived food increased from 0.7×10⁴t in 1993 to 2.3×10⁴t in 2013, however, the nitrogen flow of plant-derived food decreased from 7.1×10⁴t in 1993 to 6.7×10⁴t in 2013. In the food consumption aspect, the nitrogen flow fluxes of animal-derived food and plant-derived food increased from 0.5×10⁴t and 3.3×10⁴t in 1993 to 1.4×10⁴t and 3.6×10⁴t in 2013, respectively. Over the past twenty years, the nutrient use efficiency of the food chain showed a downward trend, and the nitrogen utilization rates of the animal production system and crop production system decreased from 14.5% and 56.1% to 13.2% and 48%, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of the combined system of agriculture and animal husbandry was reduced from 29% to 17%. The nitrogen utilization rate of the whole food chain system decreased from 16.9% to 10.6%. The nitrogen loss rate of the food chain system increased from 38.2% to 48.7%. It can be seen that with the economic development and social change, the nitrogen flow in the food chain system in Changchun area increased significantly, while the nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly. Recently, it should be noted nitrogenous waste management and recycling in the food chain system, reduce nitrogen loss and improve efficiency.

导出引用

张晓萌, 王寅, 焉莉, 高强. 长春地区食物链氮素养分流动趋势与特征分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(2): 255-265 https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.20160433

ZHANG Xiao-meng, WANG Yin, YAN Li, GAO Qiang. The Trend and Characteristics of Nitrogen Nutrition in the Food Chain in Changchun[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(2): 255-265 https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.20160433

中图分类号： X22

参考文献

[1] KAISER J. The other global pollutant: Nitrogen proves tough to curb [J]. Science, 2001, 294(5545): 1268-1269.
[2] BOYER E W, GOODALE C L, JAWORSK N A, et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern U. S. A. [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 137-169.
[3] BASHKIN V N, PARK S U, CHOI M S, et al. Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 387-403.
[4] BREEMEN N V, BOYER E W, GOODALE C L, et al. Where did all the nitrogen go? Fate of nitrogen inputs to large watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A. [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 267-293.
[5] GALLOWAY J N, ABER J D, ERISMAN J W, et al. The Nitrogen Cascade [J]. Bioscience, 2009, 53(4): 341-356.
[6] HOWARTH R W, BOYER EW, PABICH W J, et al. Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-2000 and potential future trends [J]. AMBIO, 2002, 31(2): 88-96.
[7] SMIL V. Nitrogen and food production: Proteins for human diets [J]. AMBIO, 2002, 31(2): 126-131.
[8] GALLOWAY J N, COWLING E B. Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change [J]. AMBIO, 2002, 31(2): 64-71.
[9] 张福锁, 马文奇, 江荣风. 养分资源综合管理 [M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2003. [ZHANG F S, MA W Q, JIANG R F. Integrated Management of Nutrient Resources. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2003. ]
[10] OENEMA O. Governmental Policies and measures regulating nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure in European agriculture [J]. Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005, 82: 196-206.
[11] 侯勇. 城郊集约化农牧生产体系养分流动特征及调控途径研究 [D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2011. [HOU Y. Study on the Characteristics and Regulation of Nutrient Flow in Intensive Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Production System. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2011. ]
[12] IRIE M, JIN Y, LI J, et al. Estimation of nitrogen flow change in Beijing, China, for the years 1995, 2000, and 2004 [J]. Journal of Material Cycles Waste Management, 2014, 16(2): 245-257.
[13] QIAO M, ZHENGY M, ZHU Y G. Material flow analysis of phosphorus through food consumption in two megacities in northern China [J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 84(6): 773-778.
[14] ZHANG F S, MA W Q, ZHANG W F. Nutrient Management in China: From Production Systems to Food Chain, in 14th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, Plant Nutrition for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005.
[15] 马文奇, 张福锁, 陈新平. 中国养分资源综合管理研究的意义与重点 [J]. 科技导报, 2006, 24(10): 64-67. [MA W Q, ZHANG F S, CHEN X P. Research of integrated nutrient resource management in China’s significance and key. Science and Technology Review, 2006, 24(10): 64-67. ]
[16] 马文奇, 张福锁. 食物链养分管理——中国可持续发展面临的挑战 [J]. 科技导报, 2008, 26(1): 68-73. [MA W Q, ZHANG F S. China facing sustainable development—Food chain nutrient management challenges. Science and Technology Review, 2008, 26(1): 68-73. ]
[17] 马林. 中国食物链氮素流动规律及调控策略 [D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2009. [MA L. Mechanism and Regulatory Strategies of Nitrogen Flow in Food Chain of China. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2009. ]
[18] MA L, WANG F H, ZHANG W F, et al. Environmental assessment of management options for nutrient flows in the food chain in China [J]. Environment Science Technology, 2013, 47(13): 7260-7268.
[19] 张建杰, 郭彩霞, 覃伟, 等. 山西省畜禽业发展及粪尿养分时空变异 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 207-214. [ZHANG J J, GUO C X, QIN W, et al. Temporal and spatial variability of livestock and poultry productions and manure nutrients in Shanxi Province, China. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(1): 207-214. ]
[20] 长春市统计局. 长春统计年鉴 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1994—2014. [Changchun Statistic Bureau. Changchun Statistic Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistic Press, 1994-2014. ]
[21] 中国农业信息网 [EB/OL]. http://www.agri.cn/v20/zx/qgxxlb_1/jl/201401/t20140116_3740656.htm. [China Agricultural Information Network. http://www.agri.cn/v20/zx/qgxxlb_1/jl/201401/t20140116_3740656.htm. ]
[22] EUROSTAT. Glossary: Livestock Unit [EB/OL]. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Livestock_unit_(LSU), 2014-06-07.
[23] MA L, MA W Q, VELTHOF G L, et al. Modeling nutrient flows in the food chain of China [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(4): 1279-1289.
[24] MA L, VELTHOF G L, WANG F H, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies and losses in the food chain in China at regional scales in 1980 and 2005 [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 434(18): 51-61.
[25] 长春年鉴编纂委员会. 长春年鉴2001 [M]. 长春: 长春出版社, 2001. [Editorial Committee of Changchun Yearbook.Changchun Yearbook 2001. Changchun: Changchun Press, 2001. ]
[26] MA L, GUO J, VELTHOF G L, et al. Impacts of urban expansion on nitrogen and phosphorus flows in the food system of Beijing from 1978 to 2008 [J]. Global Environmental Change, 2014, 28(1): 192-204.
[27] 张福锁. 我国肥料产业与科学施肥战略研究报告 [M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2008. [ZHANG F S. China’s fertilizer industry and scientific fertilization strategy research report. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2008. ]
[28] 梁振华. 中国居民动物性食品消费需求的研究 [J]. 消费经济, 1997(5): 22-26. [LIANG Z H. Research on the consumer demand of animal food in China. Consumer Economy, 1997(5): 22-26. ]
[29] 刘晓利. 我国“农田-畜牧-营养-环境”体系氮素养分循环与平衡 [D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2005. [LIU X L. The Nitrogen Nutrient Cycling and Balance in the Farmland Animal Husbandry Nutrition and Environment System. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2005. ]
[30] 许俊香. 中国“农田-畜牧-营养-环境”体系磷素养分循环与平衡 [D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2005. [XU J X. Phosphorus Nutrient Cycling and Balance in China’s Farmland Animal Husbandry Nutrition and Environment System. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2005. ]
[31] 段丽杰, 李昂. 吉林省规模化畜禽养殖场及污染减排措施调查分析 [J]. 中国沼气, 2015, 33(6): 72-75. [DUAN L J, LI A. Investigations and analysis on large-scale animal husbandry and pollution control in Jilin Province. China Bioga, 2015, 33(6): 72-75. ]
[32] VELTHOF G L, OUDENDAG D, WITZKE H P, et al. Integrated assessment of nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27 Miterra-Europe [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2009, 38(2): 402-417.
[33] OENEMA O. Governmental policies and measures regulating nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure in European agriculture [J]. Journal of Animal Sciences, 2004, 82: 1-11.