PDF(2401 KB)
PDF(2401 KB)
PDF(2401 KB)
藏北草地生态系统可持续发展能力评价
Evaluation of Rangeland Ecosystem Sustainability of the Northern Tibetan Region, China
藏北草地是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地和生态安全屏障。然而,草地退化引发了一系列的生态、经济、环境和社会问题,不仅直接威胁到我国的生态屏障安全和当地的畜牧业生产,而且严重影响着藏北草地生态系统的可持续发展。研究以藏北那曲地区为例,利用复合生态系统场方法,构建了以生态功能、生产功能和生活功能为基础的可持续发展评价指标体系和模型,并通过对1985-2008年那曲地区草地生态系统的发展变化分析,定量评价了草地生态系统的可持续发展能力。评价结果表明,藏北那曲草地生态系统的发展位已超过了系统的最大承载能力,发展势缺乏潜能,协调性较差,可持续发展度很低,草地生态系统处于不可持续的发展状态。
Rangeland on northern Tibetan Plateau is an important base for livestock production, and also plays a vital role in the ecological safety shelter zone in China. However, a series of ecological, economic and social problems were derived from the degradation of rangeland in the northern Tibetan which in return has not only directly threatened the ecological safety shelter zone in China and the animal husbandry production, but also resulted in negative effects on the regional sustainable development of rangeland ecosystem. Taking the Nagqu region in northern Tibet as a case, this study, applying complex ecosystem field theory, established an evaluation index system and models of rangeland sustainable development based on the ecological, productive and livelihood functions of rangeland ecosystem. The variation of sustainable development of rangeland ecosystem during 1985 to 2008 was analyzed, and sustainability was quantitatively evaluated in the Nagqu region of northern Tibet. The evaluation results showed that the development location of rangeland ecosystem exceeded its maximum carrying capacity, and that development potential, harmonious degree and the sustainable development degree of alpine rangeland ecosystem was very low, indicating that rangelands ecosystem was in an unsustainable development situation in the Nagqu region of northern Tibet.
草地生态系统 / 可持续发展评价 / 复合生态系统场方法 / 藏北地区 {{custom_keyword}} /
rangeland ecosystem / evaluation of sustainable development / complex ecosystem field method / northern Tibetan region {{custom_keyword}} /
[1] 钟祥浩, 刘淑珍, 王小丹, 等. 西藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]. 山地学报, 2006, 24(2): 129-136.[ZHONG Xiang-hao, LIU Shu-zhen, WANG Xiao-dan, et al. A research on the protection and construction of the state ecological safe shelter zone on the Tibet Plateau. Journal of Mountain Science, 2006, 24(2): 129-136.]
[2] 高清竹, 段敏杰, 万运帆, 等. 藏北地区生态与环境敏感性评价[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(15): 4129-4136.[GAO Qing-zhu, DUAN Min-jie, WAN Yun-fan, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of eco-environmental sensitivity in northern Tibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(15): 4129-4136.]
[3] 毛飞, 张艳红, 侯英雨. 藏北那曲地区草地退化动态评价[J].应用生态学报, 2008, 19(2): 278-284.[MAO Fei, ZHANG Yan-hong, HOU Ying-yu. Dynamic assessment of grassland degradation in Naqu of northern Tibet. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(2): 278-284.]
[4] 鲍文. 青藏高原草地资源发展面临的问题及战略选择[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2009, 30(1): 20-23.[BAO Wen. Development problem and strategy options of Tibetan Plateau rangeland resources. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2009, 30(1): 20-23.]
[5] 边多, 李春, 杨秀海, 等. 藏西北高寒牧区草地退化现状与机理分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2008, 23(2): 254-262.[BIAN Duo, LI Chun, YANG Xiu-hai, et al. Analysis of the situation of grassland degradation and its mechanism of the alpine pastoral area in northwestern Tibet. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008, 23(2): 254-262.]
[6] 龙瑞军. 青藏高原草地生态系统之服务功能[J]. 科技导报, 2007, 25(9): 26-28.[LONG Rui-jun. Functions of ecosystem in the Tibetan grassland. Science and Technology Review, 2007, 25(9): 26-28.]
[7] 吴跃明, 郎东锋, 张子珩, 等. 环境-经济系统协调度模型及其指标体系[J]. 中国人口·环境与资源, 1996, 6(2): 47-50.[WU Yue-ming, LANG Dong-feng, ZHANG Zi-heng, et al. Coordinative degree model of environment-economy system and its application. China Population, Resources and Environment, 1996, 6(2): 47-50.]
[8] 鲁春霞, 谢高地, 成升魁, 等. 中国草地资源利用: 生产功能与生态功能的冲突与协调[J]. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(10): 1685-1696.[LU Chun-xia, XIE Gao-di, CHENG Sheng-kui, et al. Rangeland resources utilization of China: Conflict and coordination between product function and ecological function. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(10): 1685-1696.]
[9] 王晓芳, 宗刚. 草场资源生态环境与经济发展协调性评价——西藏那曲地区为例[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(7): 3673-3675.[WANG Xiao-fang, ZONG gang. Evaluation on coordination between grassland ecological environment and economic development. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2010, 38(7): 3673-3675.]
[10] 西藏自治区畜牧局. 西藏自治区草地资源[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994.[Animal Husbandry Bureau of Tibet. The Tibet Grassland Resources. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.]
[11] 西藏统计局. 1985-2008年西藏统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1986-2009.[Statistical Bureau of Tibet of 1985
[12] 成升魁, 沈镭. 青藏高原人口、资源、环境与发展互动关系探讨[J]. 自然资源学报, 2000, 15(4): 297-304.[CHENG Seng-kui, SHEN Lei. Approach to dynamic relationship between population, resources, environment and development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000, 15(4): 297-304.]
[13] Rigby D, Woodhouse P, Young T, et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice [J]. Ecological Economics, 2001, 39(3): 463-478.
[14] Holling C S. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological and social systems [J]. Ecosystems, 2001(4): 390-405.
[15] 翟胜, 王巨媛, 张二勋, 等. 农业生态系统可持续性评价研究进展[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2010(1): 124-129.[ZHAI Sheng, WANG Ju-yuan, ZHANG Er-xun, et al. Review on evaluation of sustainable agro-ecosystem. Areal Research and Development, 2010(1): 124-129.]
[16] 李玉芳, 刘硕, 荀文会. 基于复合生态系统场论的耕地资源可持续利用研究[J]. 国土资源科技管理, 2008, 25(2): 68-73.[LI Yu-fang, LIU Shuo, XUN Wen-hui. Sustainable use of cultivated land based on complex eco-system field theory. Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources, 2008, 25(2): 68-73.]
[17] 王黎明. 区域可持续发展——基于人地关系地域系统的视角[M]. 北京: 中国经济出版社, 1998.[WANG Li-ming. Discussion on Succession and Regulation of Man-Land Relationship in Regional Sustainable Development. Beijing: China Economic Press, 1998.]
[18] 谢高地, 甄霖, 鲁春霞, 等. 中国发展的可持续性状态与趋势——一个基于自然资源基础的评价[J]. 资源科学, 2008, 30(9): 1349-1355.[XIE Gao-di, ZHEN Lin, LU Chun-Xia, et al. Sustainability status and trends of China’s development: An assessment based on the natural resource base. Resources Science, 2008, 30(9): 1349-1355.]
[19] 闵庆文, 李文华. 区域可持续发展能力评价及其在山东五莲的应用[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(1): 1-9.[MIN Qing-wen, LI Wen-hua. Assessment of regional sustainability and its application in Wulian County of Shandong Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002, 22(1): 1-9.]
[20] 徐宗学, 孟翠玲, 巩同梁, 等. 西藏自治区气温变化趋势分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(1): 163-170.[XU Zong-xue, MENG Cui-ling, GONG Tong-liang, et al. Long-term trend analysis for air temperature in the Tibetan region. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(1): 163-170.]
[21] 史亚琪, 朱晓东, 孙翔, 等. 区域经济-环境复合生态系统协调发展动态评价——以连云港为例[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(15): 4119-4128.[SHI Ya-qi, ZHU Xiao-dong, SUN Xiang, et al. A dynamic assessment for the coordination between economic development and the environment: A case study of Lianyungang, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(15): 4119-4128.]
[22] 邓楚雄, 谢炳庚, 吴永兴, 等. 上海都市农业可持续发展的定量综合评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(9): 1577-1588.[DENG Chu-xiong, XIE Bing-geng, WU Yong-xing, et al. The quantitative and comprehensive appraisal of urban agricultural sustainable development in Shanghai. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(9): 1577-1588.]
[23] Rasul G, Thapa G B. Sustainability of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh: An assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives [J]. Agricultural Systems, 2004, 79(2): 327-351.
[24] Smith C S, McDonald G T, Thwaites R N. Assessing the sustainability of agricultural land management [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000, 60(4): 267-288.
[25] 陈昌毓. 青藏高原生态环境恶化及其影响[J]. 大自然, 2012(1): 18-19.[CHEN Chang-yu. Ecological environment deterioration and its influence in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. China Nature, 2012(1): 18-19.]
[26] 刘兴元, 梁天刚, 龙瑞军, 等. 北方牧区草地资源分类经营机制与可持续发展研究[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(11): 5851-5859.[LIU Xing-yuan, LIANG Tian-gang, LONG Rui-jun, et al. Classification management mechanisms for grassland resources and sustainable development strategies in Northern China. Acta Ecoica Sinica, 2009, 29(11): 5851-5859.]
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071342);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B02-3)。
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
AI Summary
