论文以四川省石棉县为例,对空间数据库支持下的树种分布知识的发现进行了研究。利用GIS技术建立相关空间数据库,主要有森林资源二类调查GIS数据库、树种GIS数据库,以及10 m分辨率的DEM、多年平均大于10 ℃的年积温和多年平均年降雨量等栅格数据库。利用GIS的叠加统计分析等方法,发现了各树种分布的的海拔、年平均大于10 ℃的积温、年平均降雨量等带谱知识。利用GIS的拓扑空间分析方法,挖掘了各树种间的空间配置知识。该知识可用于退耕还林、造林绿化中,因地制宜地选择树种,以及配置树种。该知识对于辅助数据协同下的各树种遥感识别也具有重要意义。此外,对其他区域也有示范意义。

Discovering knowledge from spatial database is an important aspect for GIS application study. Discovering tree species distribution knowledge and relationship knowledge from spatial database were discussed in Shimian County of Sichuan Province based on GIS. The forest resource data were used to create GIS database, from which the tree species layer was extracted. The raster database with the resolution of 10 m including DEM, annual accumulative temperature above 10 ℃ and annual precipitation were created by using GIS software. The knowledge of each tree species distribution along with the elevation, annual accumulative temperature above 10 ℃ and precipitation were discovered by the spatial overlain analysis and statistics analysis. The spatial neighborhood relationship knowledge among tree species were discovered by using the spatial topo analysis based on GIS and the tree species GIS database. The knowledge can be used for selecting suitable tree species and arranging the tree species spatial pattern in afforestation. The knowledge is also significant to the tree species interpretation in the remote sensing images. The method of knowledge discovering can also be used in other fields or other regions.