近30年来中国气候湿润程度变化的空间差异 及其对生态系统脆弱性的影响

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.12.010

PDF(2648 KB)

自然资源学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12) : 2091-2100. DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.12.010

资源评价

近30年来中国气候湿润程度变化的空间差异及其对生态系统脆弱性的影响

赵志平^1,2, 刘纪远¹, 邵全琴¹

作者信息 +

Spatial Diversity of Humidification and Its Impact on Ecosystem Venerability in China during the Last 30 Years

ZHAO Zhi-ping^1,2, LIU Ji-yuan¹, SHAO Quan-qin¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

论文利用近30 a中国756个气象站点日观测数据计算中国陆地表层潜在蒸散和湿润指数现状及变化趋势,然后划分湿润程度变化对不同自然地带生态系统脆弱性影响的等级,并应用于农田、林地和草地三大生态系统脆弱性变化分析,结果显示:近30 a中国陆地表层平均年潜在蒸散为754 mm,平均湿润指数为-5.6,湿润指数平均变化率为-4.4/10 a,反映中国陆地表层湿润程度总体具有下降趋势。近30 a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化导致生态系统脆弱性增加的面积约占中国陆地面积的43.7%,主要集中在东北地区西南部、华北地区、西北地区东部,以及青藏高原的西部、北部和东部。总体上,近30 a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化对农田、林地和草地生态系统脆弱性具有不利影响。其中草地生态系统脆弱性增加的面积最大,约占草地生态系统总面积的63.2%;其次为农田生态系统,约占31.6%;林地生态系统脆弱性受影响面积最小,约占17.7%。

Abstract

In this study we calculated potential evapotranspiration and moisture index status and trends of China territory using daily observation data from 756 meteorological stations of China during the last 30 years. Then we divided the vulnerability tendency grades of China territory according to the impact of humidification variation on ecosystems in different climatic zones, and applied this vulnerability tendency grades to cropland, woodland and grassland ecosystems. The results showed that during the last 30 years the average annual potential evapotranspiration was 754 mm; the average moisture index was -5.6; the average rate of moist index change was -4.4/10 a, reflecting a whole downward trend of humidification of China territory. Caused by humidification variation in the last 30 years, the ecosystem vulnerability increase areas concentrated in the southwestern part of Northeast China, North China, eastern part of Northwest China and western,northern and eastern part of Tibet Plateau, which occupied approximately 43.7% of China territory. The main appearances of ecosystem vulnerability tendency were slight, small and moderate increase. Totally, humidification variation had negative effects on cropland, woodland and grassland ecosystem vulnerability tendency in China. Grassland ecosystem had the largest vulnerability increase area, 63.2% of the total grassland area. And the next was cropland ecosystem, 31.6% of the total cropland area. Woodland ecosystem vulnerability was minimally affected, 17.7% of the total forestland area.

导出引用

赵志平, 刘纪远, 邵全琴. 近30年来中国气候湿润程度变化的空间差异及其对生态系统脆弱性的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(12): 2091-2100 https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.12.010

ZHAO Zhi-ping, LIU Ji-yuan, SHAO Quan-qin. Spatial Diversity of Humidification and Its Impact on Ecosystem Venerability in China during the Last 30 Years[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2010, 25(12): 2091-2100 https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.12.010

中图分类号： P467

参考文献

[1] Pachauri R K, Reisinger A. 气候变化2007: 综合报告[M]. 政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次评估报告第一、第二和第三工作组的报告. 日内瓦: IPCC,2007: 104. [2] 李克让,曹明奎,於琍,等. 中国自然生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性评估[J]. 地理研究,2005,24(5): 653-663. [3] 吴绍洪,戴尔阜,黄玫,等. 21世纪未来气候变化情景(B2)下我国生态系统的脆弱性研究[J]. 科学通报,2007,52(7): 811-817. [4] 於琍,曹明奎,陶波,等. 基于潜在植被的中国陆地生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性定量评价[J]. 植物生态学报,2008,32(3): 521-530. [5] 黄秉维. 中国综合自然区划草案[J]. 科学通报,1959,18: 594-602. [6] 吴绍洪,尹云鹤,郑度,等. 青藏高原近30年气候变化趋势[J]. 地理学报,2005,60(1): 3-11. [7] 吴绍洪,尹云鹤,郑度,等. 近30年中国陆地表层干湿状况研究[J]. 中国科学D辑,2005,35(3): 276-283. [8] 尹云鹤,吴绍洪,郑度,等. 近30年我国干湿状况变化的区域差异[J]. 科学通报,2005,50(15): 1636-1642. [9] 尹云鹤. 中国干湿状况变化与生态地理区域对气候变化的响应. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院,2006. [10] WU Shao-hong, YIN Yun-he, ZHENG Du, et al. Moisture conditions and climate trends in China during the period 1971-2000 [J]. Int. J. Climatol.,2006,26: 193-206. [11] YIN Yun-he, WU Shao-hong, ZHENG Du, et al. Radiation calibration of FAO56 Penman-Monteith model to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration in China [J]. Agricultural Water Management,2008,95: 77-84. [12] Zhang X, Ren Y, Yin Z Y, et al. Spatial and temporal variation patterns of reference evapotranspiration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during 1971-2004 [J]. J. Geophys. Res.,2009,114: D15105. [13] 杨建平,丁永建,陈仁升,等. 50a来我国干湿气候界线的空间变化分析[J]. 冰川冻土,2002,24(6): 731-736. [14] 徐新良,刘纪远,庄大方,等. GIS环境下1999—2000年中国东北参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征分析[J]. 农业工程学报,2004,20(2): 10-14. [15] 王菱,谢贤群,李运生,等. 中国北方地区40年来湿润指数和气候干湿带接线的变化[J]. 地理研究,2004,23(1): 45-54. [16] 谢贤群,王菱. 中国北方近50年潜在蒸发的变化[J]. 自然资源学报,2007,22(5): 683-691. [17] 刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等. 21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(12): 1411-1419. [18] Penman H C. Natural evapotranspiration from open water, bare soil and grass [J]. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A,1948,193: 120-145. [19] Richard G Allen, Luis S Pereira, Dirk Raes, et al. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements . http: //www.fao.org/docrep/x0490e/x0490e00.htm. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, 1998. [20] Thornthwaite C W. An approach toward a rational classification of climate [J]. Geographical Review, 1948,38(1): 55-94. [21] 王英,曹明奎,陶波,等. 全球气候变化背景下中国降水量空间格局的变化特征[J]. 地理研究,2006,25(6): 1031-1040. [22] Hustchinson M F. ANUSPLIN Version 4. 2 User Guide[M]. Canberra: Centre for Resource and Environment Studies, Australian National University, 2002. [23] Hutchinson M F. Interpolation of rainfall data with thin plate smoothing splines I—Two dimensional smoothing of data with short range correlation [J]. Geographic Information Decision Analysis,1998(2): 153-167. [24] James J McCarthy, Osvaldo F Canziani, Neil A Leary, et al. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group Ⅱ to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [M]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 2001. [25] 於琍,曹明奎,李克让. 全球气候变化背景下生态系统的脆弱性评价[J]. 地理科学进展,2005,24(1): 61-69. [26] 赵慧霞,吴绍洪,姜鲁光. 自然生态系统响应气候变化的脆弱性评价研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报,2007,18(2): 445-450.